There are possible solutions. Additional training and hands-on apprenticeships can be introduced to help FMGs build their skills to then be able to pass the FMGE. FMGs can now learn by participating as observers in the established programs. Opportunities also exist for FMGs to work outside of clinical care, including in research, hospital administration and public health. As of now, FMGs are an untapped resource and lost opportunity to a country with shortages of physicians.

Objectives:The objective of the study was to ind the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use, exposure to tobacco prevention activity among adolescent from tribal area. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six tribal villages. Data was collected by interview from 240 adolescent by home visits. Results: Prevalence of tobacco use (all forms), smokeless tobacco use and smoking in tribal adolescents were 54.45%, 53.41%, and 23.14%, respectively. Prevalence of tobacco use in boys (66.25%; 95% Con idence Interval (CI) = 60.29-72.21) was more than girls (26%; 95% CI = 25.84-37.57). Prevalence of tobacco use was more in late adolescent period and earning adolescents. The average age of starting smokeless tobacco use and smoking was 13.75 years (SD 2.26) and 14.22 years (SD 2.54), respectively. Boys start smoking relatively earlier than girls (P = 0.04). Education shows signi icant protective effect on tobacco use. Bidi was commonly used for smoking, while pan masala and gutka were the preferred smokeless tobacco. Almost all smokers were also using smokeless tobacco. Around 69% adolescents from the tribal area have heard of the tobacco prevention message, but only three could interpret it correctly. Radio and television were the commonest modes of information. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of tobacco use among tribal adolescents, anti-tobacco activities need to scale up for tribal people, with more emphasis on behavior change through group or personal approach. School programs may have some limitation in tribal area due to high school dropout, and low enrolment. Prevention activities need more focus on smokeless tobacco use and bidi smoking.

The healthcare industry in India caters to a large population, and the sector is expected to continue growing close to previously projected rates of 10 to 12 per cent. The administrative and management complexities of a large organisation like a hospital need the frequency matching and fine-tuning of all the associated staff with the hierarchy. A qualified man-agement graduate specially trained to work within the health sector would have an advantage in the inter-disciplinary interactions, effective and efficient management of the available resources, coordination along the hierarchy, logistics and supply-chain related issues along with many other issues that are required in a hospital. It is evident that there is a huge backlog of trained hospital managers and administrators to work for hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, health insurance and third-party administration and other health care provider organisations. Despite having a diverse range of options to choose the educational institutions for such managerial courses, there is still a gap between the supply and the demand side, as no exhaustive list of program related data from these institutes is available till date. This article analyses the demand and supply issues surrounding courses offering hospital management in India, thereby attempting to highlight the current mismatch. A systematic, predefined approach was used to collect and assemble the data. All the institutes offering such courses were contacted for detailed infor-mation. Fifty one institutes have been identified which annually produce around 2500 qualified professionals to work in the domain of hospital management. The article also discusses the demand analysis where these prospective students can be placed. To estimate these numbers, various stakeholders of the hospital industry were consulted and desk reviews were performed. An estimated 21,750 professionals would be required based upon the country’s present status, which reflects the dearth in their workforce capacity. The findings could be adapted for future health work force planning in the country.

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