Introduction: During Canine retraction and space consolidation, biologic tissue response and tooth movement occur only when applied forces adequately overcome the friction at bracket-wire interface. Today, many clinicians prefer to use wires of alloys such as Stainless steel, Nickeltitanium, or Beta-titanium during different phases of treatment. To deliver optimal forces for efficient and predictable tooth movement, it is necessary to have both an assessment and knowledge of forces required to overcome friction when different wire sizes and materials are used. Materials & Methods:Frictional force of Stainless steel, Nickel-titanium and Beta-titanium wires of different sizes will be tested in stainless steel pre-adjusted edgewise MBT premolar brackets. Brackets will be attached to special jig and wires will be ligated with elastomeric ligatures. Bracket movement along the wire will be implemented by an Instron universal testing machine, and frictional forces will be measured by a compression cell and recorded on an X-Y recorder. Frictional forces generate by each bracket-wire subsample will be subjected to statistical analysis. Interactive effects of wire size and alloys type on magnitude of bracket-wire friction will be assessed by twoway analysis of variance. Results &Conclusion: Sliding mechanics can best be performed using stainless steel archwire. Wire alloy could be ranked in order from lowest to highest friction: Stainless steel, Nickel-titanium and Beta-Titanium irrespective of wire and slot sizes. Frictional force increases with increase wire sizes in both 0.018 and 0.022 slot in all three kind of archwire alloys. Slotsize does not tend to have a significant effect on friction, but more importantlyrelative size of archwire within bracket slot will have a significantinfluence.

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the frictional resistance of Conventional, Teflon, and Epoxy coated stainless steel archwires in Metal, Ceramic brackets. Materials and Methods: 0.019” x 0.025” Stainless steel arch wire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Teflon coated stainless steel archwire. (D-TechTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Epoxy coated stainless steel archwire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.22 MBT Stainless steel (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM,) lower incisor brackets – 30n, 0.22 MBT Ceramic (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM), lower incisor brackets – 60n. The wires are cut into 5cm long and are ligated to bracket using 0.010- inch ligature wire. Acrylic block is placed in lower arm of Instron universal testing machine, free end of wire is pulled with upper arm of universal testing machine, at a rate of 10 mm/ min while the wire is placed parallel to long axis of bracket and tooth, and a load of 50 kg was used to measure frictional forces. Results: Stainless steel bracket combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 2.640N (mean) and minimum was 0.307N (mean) with a SD of ±1.2275 (0.6618). Stainless-steel bracket combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 10.3N and minimum was 5.62N with a SD of ± 7.3513 (1.8975). Stainless steel bracket combined with Teflon coated SS wire maximum Friction noted was 5.59N and minimum was 1.66N with a SD of ± 1.8652 (0.9545). Ceramic brackets combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 10.88N and minimum 4.29N with a SD of ± 6.55529 (1.6081). Ceramic brackets combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction 14.88N and minimum 5.62 with a SD of ± 9.3305 (2.4077) Ceramic brackets combined with Teflon coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 6.93N and minimum 4.31N with a SD of ±6.3483 (1.2302) Conclusions: Stainless steel brackets combined with stainless steel archwires or Teflon coated archwires may be used effectively in sliding mechanics, rather than ceramic brackets and tooth-colored epoxy coated archwires.

Newly developed antibacterial agent could be used with conventional bonding systems effectively to decrease white spots; when used with Transbond XT™ light cure, the original SBS did not get affected, but when used with Unite™ self-cure bonding system, it led to reduced SBS significantly.

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