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The aim of the study is to analyze the pattern of Gross domestic product (GDP) according to Human development index (HDI) for 184 countries of the world. GDP per capita indicates only economic prosperity but not the overall development of the citizens of a country. This research tries to find out the beneath relationship of the financial state and human development of countries using the data of 2018. For demonstrating this analysis several parametric and non-parametric regression methods subject to shape restriction have been used. The study targets to shed light on comparative performance of shape constrained regression with cone projection, polynomial regression, LOESS, Istonic regression with pooled adjacent violators algorithm, Kernel regression, smoothing spline and generalized additive model in convex situation.

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Peer assisted learning (PAL) is a common feature of medical education. PAL in the clinical setting, a complex learning environment, requires fresh evaluation. Socio-cultural theory is proposed as a means to understand educational interventions in ways that are practical and meaningful. This descriptive type of cross sectional study entitled practice of peer assisted learning among students in selected undergraduate dental colleges of Bangladesh was conducted in four Government and four non-Government dental colleges. The objective of this study was to explore the views of teachers and students regarding the benefits of practicing peer assisted learning. Sample size was 437 (407 students and 30 teachers). Data was collected from students with a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and from dental teachers with indepth interview schedule. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 19. Most of the students opined that PAL method increased their knowledge. In the study most of the teacher said that PAL increased the confidence of the students and enhanced the conception about the topics. Teachers also said PAL developed good behavior of the students and also developed helping approach to others. This study finding showed that PAL method was very effective in higher education courses. So we should encourage the students and the teachers about the method.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.9(2) 2018: 16-18

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the teachers views about the preparation of questions for question bank on the basis of subject content for the formative assessment of the department. The study was conducted in four government and four non-government dental colleges. The teachers of the selected dental colleges were the study population and sample size was total of a 165 in which were 53 head of the department and 112 lecturers. Data was collected from the teachers with a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS 19. The questionnaire included different types of opinion about the question bank. In this study, tried to extract the information mainly about how a full phased question bank works in a dental college including question pattern and answer key preparation, moderation & constant development of the question bank, key personnel who directly involved with question preparation. Faculty members expressed their valuable opinions about different types of formative questions where it was found that Assistant Professors were closely involved with question preparation rather than other faculty members. The study also explores that even if formative questions were well prepared but lack of standard answers, rating scales and accepted checklist made the ultimate process of accessing question bank becomes challenging to conduct specific exams. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(2) July 2021: 23-29