Objective: In the present society, the energy drinks (EDs) are used by general public and mainly by the sports persons. Though the caffeine content of EDs is creating health consequences on excess consumption, the present study targets their health benefits on central nervous system (CNS) focusing antidepressant and cognitive potentiality. The most typically used EDs have been selected for the study such as Red Bull, Monster and Enerzal for the present research. Methodology: The study started with in-silico studies to get information about the neurological receptor binding of the major and common chemical components of the EDs. The antidepressant study of energy drinks was carried out following FST (Forced Swim Test) and TST (Tail suspension test) methods. Their cognition effect was assessed by using Y-maze apparatus. Further, their mechanism of action was evaluated by estimating their effect on brain dopamine and serotonin level. Results: In-silico study revealed the enhanced agonistic binding of the major common components of the EDs to D2 and serotonin receptors. Further their significant (p<0.001) antidepressant property was estimated both in tail suspension and forced swim tests along with significant cognitive property.
Tabernaemontana divaricata (pinwheel flower) is a flowering plant that can grow easily in gardens and along roadsides. This plant can be cultivated in every condition. No specific environmental condition is required for the growth of the plant. Growing evidence suggests that this plant has medicinal benefits for various diseases due to the presence of bioactive components in the plant. The plant is extensively found near Indian heritage to be used for worship. T. divaricata contains major alkaloids like apparicine, conophylline, coronardine, ibogamine, etc., exhibiting pharmacological activities. Their major pharmacological potential is against inflammation, pain, and other diseases. Plants’ major activities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and so on, have been demonstrated by their responsible bioactive compounds. The review is to highlight the researchers’ findings of different medicinal activities in T. divaricata along with the major responsible phytocomponents. There is a lot more scope for further research, which can be extended by the help of this review.
It is a therapeutic aspect of medicinal herbs present in the kitchen for immediate treatment. Herbal plants can treat various diseases and ailments. It would be of great benefit in medical and surgical treatment. The promotion of the health system is easier, with medicinal plants than synthetic drugs. This study reviewed the medicinal properties of some of important spices generally found in every kitchen; onion, ginger and garlic. These commonly used spices are important in medicine due to the presence of many bioactive constituents and nutrients. Some chemical constituents of these medicinal plants have been reported in various literatures to contribute to the prevention and treatment of various diseases and ailments. In literatures, some of the documented properties of onion, garlic and ginger include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, rheumatologic, blood circulation and anticramp, anti-ulcer, anticholinergic, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-stress, anti-cancer, immunity booster, anti-diabetic, regulation of blood pressure and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The use of these medicinal plant materials as potent neutraceuticals will aid the promotion of human health system in socioeconomic aspects.
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