Neya et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Diallel analysis of pod yield and 100 seeds weight in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using GRIFFING and HAYMAN methods. 11619Journal of Applied Biosciences 116: 11619-11627 ISSN 1997-5902 Diallel analysis of pod yield and 100 seeds weight in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using GRIFFING and HAYMAN methods. ABSTRACT Objectives: The lack of information on yield and yield components are an obstacle in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding for productivity improvement in BURKINA FASO. This work is to elucidate the mode of heritability of genes that govern 100 seed weight and pod yield, and identify the best parents for recommendation in hybridization programs. Materials and methods: A 6 x 6 full diallel with breeding lines such as GM656, NAMA, PC79-79, AS, SH470P and CN94C; was conducted. Two models were used, one of GRIFFING (1956) and the second of HAYMAN (1954), to detect the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability. GCA/SCA ˂ 1 for 100 seed weight and GCA / SCA ˃ 1 for pod yield. D-H1 difference reveals existence of an over dominance for 100 seed weight and partial dominance for pods yield. Heritability in the narrow sense is 48.7% for the pod yield and 55.3% for the weight of 100 seeds. Conclusion and Application of results:These results show that the pod yield is governed by genes with additive effects and non-additive effects with more additivity effects. However, the weight of 100 seed is essentially governed by genes with additive and non-additive effects with a preponderance of non-additive effects and dominance. HAYMAN graphical analysis indicates that CN94C, SH470P, AS have a lot more genes that control pods yield and 100 seed weight. These breeding lines may be recommended in hybridization for improvement of productivity. The importance of Reciprocal effects (RCE) shows that we must consider maternal effects in hybridization for breeding programs. In these programme

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La lutte biologique est une méthode alternative à la lutte chimique ayant des effets néfastes sur la santé des producteurs, des consommateurs et de l’environnement. Les maladies foliaires, en l’occurrence les cercosporioses causées par Cercospora arachidicola et Phaeoisariopsis personata handicapent la production arachidière dans le monde en général, et particulièrement au Burkina Faso. Cette étude a consisté à utiliser une souche A de Lecanicillium lecanii, à des traitements différents contre le développement des cercosporioses. Pour ce faire, quatre traitements, T1, T2, T3 et T4, ont été appliqués sur deux variétés, la TS32-1 et la PC79-79 respectivement chaque deux jour, chaque semaine, chaque dix jour et chaque deux semaine. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc de Fisher complètement randomisé à trois répétitions, constituée chacune de 5 blocs dont 4 blocs correspondant chacun à un traitement et un bloc constituant le témoin. L’étude, conduite à Gampèla, au Burkina Faso a permis de mesurer les paramètres tels que la levée au 21ème JAS, la densité de peuplement au 32ème JAS, l’incidence des cercosporioses et l’envahissement foliaire, le taux de survie, le pourcentage de défoliation et les composantes de rendement. L’étude a permis de montrer que les traitements ont eu un effet réductif sur le développement des cercosporioses au niveau des deux variétés, surtout sur la variété sensible TS32-1. Le traitement effectué chaque deux jour a donné le meilleur contrôle des cercosporioses avec une note moyenne de 3,5 sur TS32- 1 et de 2,75 sur PC79-79. Sur les composantes du rendement, les traitements ont également permis d’obtenir de bons résultats comparés aux résultats du témoin pour les deux variétés. En effet, le témoin a enregistré de 318,7 et 402,3 kg/ha respectivement pour les variétés TS32-1 et PC79-79 et les autres traitements ont obtenu des rendements compris entre 507,7 et 1656,7 kg/ha. Biological control is an alternative method to chemical control, which has adverse effects on the health of producers, consumers and the environment. Foliar diseases, in this case cercosporioses caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Phaeoisariopsis personata, handicap peanut production in the world in general, and particularly in Burkina Faso. This study consisted in using a Lecanicillium lecanii strain A, with different treatments against the development of cercosporioses. To do this, four treatments, T1, T2, T3 and T4, were applied to two varieties, TS32-1 and PC79-79 respectively every two days, every week, every ten days and every two weeks. The experimental set-up was a completely randomised Fisher block with three replicates, each consisting of five blocks, four of which corresponded to a treatment and one to a control. The study, conducted in Gampèla, Burkina Faso, measured parameters such as emergence at 21 days after planting, stand density at 32 days after planting, incidence of cercosporiosis and leaf invasion, survival rate, defoliation percentage and yield components. The study showed that the treatments had a reducing effect on cercosporium development in both varieties, especially in the susceptible variety TS32-1. The treatment applied every second day gave the best cercospora control with an average score of 3.5 on TS32-1 and 2.75 on PC79- 79. On the output components, the treatments also performed well compared to the control for both varieties. Indeed, the control recorded 318.7 and 402.3 kg/ha for TS32-1 and PC79-79 respectively and the other treatments obtained yields between 507.7 and 1656.7 kg/ha.

Peanut is of paramount importance in human and animal nutrition, as well as in improving producers' income. However, its production is faced with abiotic and biotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints, Cercosporiosis diseases are a major handicap in Burkina Faso. In order to minimize the impact of these diseases on peanut yield, important work has been carried out and is still ongoing to select and develop resistant genotypes. This study, carried out in Gampela is aimed at testing the agronomic performance of 30 peanut genotypes from Texas in comparison with a local one (TS32-1). The experiment was carried out using a Fisher (3) repetition block experimental system and the data were processed using XLSTAT pro software. Parameters such as the growth percentage on 15 days after sowing, the survival rate, the severity of the disease and the yield were measured. With respect to Cercosporiosis susceptibility, only the local genotype TS32-1 was sensitive; the genotypes TxL151109-02, TxL151134-02, TxL151148-04, TxL151121-03, TxL151107-01 and TxL151151-01 were moderately resistant. Only genotype TxL151109-02 had a higher yield (0.36 t/ha) than that of the local one TS32-1 (0.28 t/ha) and the lowest yield was from the genotype TxL151105-05 (0.03 t/ha).