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By 2050, the population of the world is anticipated to increase from 7.7 billion to 9.7 billion people, and, and wheat is expected to continue to play a vital role in ensuring food security globally. It is the main diet for 40% of the world’s population and supplies food for more than 4.5 billion people in 94 countries contains 21% of the joules and 20% of the protein. The present investigations were carried out during rabi 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 to determine how optimal nutrient management (INM) practices enhance fertilizer usage efficiency, productivity, soil health, and viability in wheat (Variety DBW 71) through innovative nutritional sources and their modes of application methods. The treatments comprised of, viz., control, basal applications of recommended NPK (80:60:40)/NPK granules (200 kg/ha) + FYM (5 t ha−1) + bio-stimulant granules (62.5 kg/ha), +NPK bio-fertilizer (seed treatment), along with a top dressing of urea (20 kg/ha)/bio-stimulant (625 mL ha−1)/NPK Powder (1%) sprays (40/55/70 DAS), which had triplicated randomized block design (RBD) at the crop research farm of SVPUA&T, Meerut (U.P.). The results revealed that wheat grown with incorporation of FYM and bio-stimulant –L attained significantly better growth and higher dry matter accumulation across the stages. The crop contained 1.63% N, 0.31% P, 0.69% K in grain, and 0.57% N, 0.11% P and 1.34% K in straw. Such crops exhibited agronomic, physiological, and apparent recovery efficiency of NPK of the order of 3.2 kg kg−1 of nutrient applied, 14.0 kg kg−1 of nutrient uptake, and 0.23% against recommended NPK. Applications of FYM, NPK bio-fertilizer+ urea, and bio-stimulant + NPK sprays worked synergistically and increased grain yields by 29.8, 35.2, 50.3 and 41.1% over their respective controls. The results also indicated that soil organic carbon (0.47%), available NPK (227.0, 27.7, 172.1 kg/ha), dehydrogenase activity, and microbial population (bacteria, fungal and actinomycetes) in soil was also highest with the treatment. Finally, the wheat crop required an investment of Rs ha−1 131,453 and fetched a net reoccurrence of Rs. 96,154, with benefits of Rs. 3.72 over cost, respectively. Therefore, the study reveals that integrated nutrient management, viz., FYM 5 t ha−1 +NPK (12–32–16) -G @ 200 kg/ha + NPK bio-fertilizer (seed treatment) + urea @ 20 kg/ha, foliar application NPK (18−18−18) -P@ 1% and bio-stimulant –L 0.62 L ha−1 improved the better growth, productivity, soil health and profitability of wheat crops. Finally, to boost production, the region must emphasize the wheat crop’s part in integrated nutrition management with foliar application of bio-stimulants. Furthermore, these investigations must be reinvestigated at different sites with different agro-climatic conditions and texturally divergent soils.

Purpose: To assess Photo Activated Chromophore for Infective Keratitis-Cross Linking (PACK-CXL) and its efficacy as a treatment modality in managing microbial keratitis. Methods: Single Centre prospective interventional study in infectious keratitis. A total of eleven patients were taken who had corneal thickness (CT) more than 400µm. PACK-CXL was performed according to Dresden’s protocol. The response was assessed by slit lamp examination, BCVA and AS-OCT at the time of complete healing. Results: The mean visual acuity at presentation was 1.207logMAR (0.3-3) which improved to mean value of 0.53logMAR (0.3-1). Mean time taken for complete epithelization was 17.45 days (14- 30 days) and that for complete healing was 33.72 days (21- 60 days). Mean CT at the baseline was 650.5± 108µm which reduced on consecutive follow up visits. There was reduction in the symptoms in nine patients except in two. One case reported increase in symptoms with worsening increase in endoexudates and hypopyon, and the other developed drug toxicity due to topical medications. Conclusion: Patients who underwent PACK-CXL showed good and early healing, good remodelling of cornea and improved visual acuity. The recalcitrant cases became responders to the same medications after PACK-CXL. Thus, PACK-CXL works well for both fungal and bacterial keratitis.

The purpose of this study is to assess the acceptance, of non-integrated acrylic implant in terms of cosmesis, patient comfort, socket component as well as the comparison of these parameter between eyes with and without implant. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 eyes with specific indications for sacrificing the eye were randomly divided with 2 groups of with and without implant. Ocular parameters were taken before and after surgery. Results: Follow up assessment was done post operatively, at 2nd week, 4th week and 6 months after surgery. In the immediate post operative period, the symptoms of pain, discharge and discomfort were present in all patient belonging to either group. However, on future follow up of 1st week these complaints were significantly less in the group without implant. At 6 months serous, non infectious discharge was present in 20% of the study population of both the groups. Evaluation of the post operative socket in terms of infection, superior sulcus deformity revealed comparable (with implant 13.3% and without implant 20%) data in terms of post operative infection, all of which were well controlled after administering appropriate antibiotics whereas, superior sulcus deformity was present in 100 %cases without implant compare to only 13% at 6 months follow up. Assessment of the complications associated with lid showed that in the group without implants ptosis was present in all cases compared to only 13% (2 cases) in the group with implant. At 6 months, lid complications in the group without implants comprised of 2 cases of entropion and 4 cases of ectropion compared to only one case of ectropion in those with implants. The results in both the group were comparable in terms of occurrence of conjunctival dehiscence and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Conclusion :The placement of an acrylic spherical implant was associated with cosmesis with a much better amplitude of movements at the cost of a relatively more prolonged convalescence.

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