Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a practical low-cost intervention which is very cost effective in developing countries for babies weighing less than 2500g. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of post-natal mothers of LBW babies after giving a teaching session by trained personnel in a tertiary care center in Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of 90 mothers whose neonates were weighing less than 2.5kg from May to October 2018.Mothers were interviewed at enrolment and were assessed about their knowledge and were oriented on its practice.Results: At recruitment (95.5%) mothers did not know about KMC.80% of mothers followed in first sitting and 86.6% of the mothers felt photo exhibition was better than verbal.96.6% of mothers thought KMC is beneficial and it was believed that other family members can even provide KMC.Conclusions: Maternal knowledge was low before now they are happily practicing KMC in hospital and thereafter at home.

Background: Appropriate use of antibiotic in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) is essential so as to curb the spread of drug-resistant organisms. Objectives: To study the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in children with UTI and to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producers of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from October 2010 to September 2011. The children between age group of 3 and 14 years who attended Pediatric Department at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Single midstream urine specimen was collected from each patient with suspected UTI. Result: Out of 184 urine samples with suspected UTI, 122 children had culture-proven UTI. Of 122 cases, 81 (66.39%) cases were seen in females. The most common organism isolated was E. coli (50%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.77%) and Enterococcus species (8.19%). E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus mirabilis responded better to nitrofurantoin (NIT) (76.8%). Ceftriaxone (79.12%), cefotaxime (74.8%), and cefixime (71.7%) showed higher sensitivity as compared to ceftazidime (63.4%) and cefoperazone (CPZ) (59.4%). Among aminoglycosides, amikacin (82.4%) had a better response as compared to gentamicin (64.6%). Out of 61 E. coli and 31 Klebsiella species, 35 (38.04%) were ESBL producers. The sensitivity of these organisms to imipenem was 100% with a good response to meropenem, CPZ-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. Conclusion: E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were the most common isolates and many of them were ESBL producers. NIT seemed to be a reasonable alternative to cephalosporins for the treatment of UTIs in children. Carbapenems were found to be effective in ESBLs and non-ESBL producing uropathogens and can be considered as reserve drugs.

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