ABSTRACT Male adolescent are vulnerable group in doing risky behavior, one of them is smoking behavior. Smoking behavior of male adolescent do are influenced by several factors. The dependent variable in this research is the behavior of smoking and the independent variables are the knowledge, the influence of peers, and family environment. The sample in this research is total sampling as many as 112 respondents. The research used a analytic survey method with cross sectional approach. Data analysis is using chi square test with 95% confidence level ( α = 0.05 ) . The results if the research showed that 39.3 % of male adolescent smoke and 60.7 % of the male adolescent do not smoke. The result of Chi-square statistical test showed no significant relationship between knowledge variable ( p value = 0.844 ) and smoking behavior of male adolescent, while peer influence variable ( p value = 0.000 ) and family environment ( 0.000 ) showed a significant relationship with smoking behavior in SMP Negeri 40 Palembang. This research suggests to the school to increase positive activities in groups that can divert adolescents from smoking behavior, for example by extracurricular activities, sports and so forth, and entered into cooperation between programs with health institutions in giving information about adolescent development and adolescent health problems, especially the dangers of smoking behavior in adolescents. ABSTRAK Remaja putra merupakan kelompok yang rentan dalam melakukan perilaku berisiko, salah satunya adalah perilaku merokok. Perilaku merokok yang dilakukan remaja putra dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah perilaku merokok dan variabel indevenden adalah pengetahuan, pengaruh teman sebaya, dan lingkungan keluarga. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Total Sampling dengan jumlah responden 112 remaja putra. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 39,3% remaja putra yang merokok dan 60,7% dari remaja putra yang tidak merokok. Hasil uji statistik chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara variabel pengetahuan (p value= 0,844) dengan perilaku merokok remaja putra, sedangkan variabel pengaruh teman sebaya (p value = 0,000) dan lingkungan keluarga (0,000) menunjukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna dengan perilaku merokok di SMP Negeri 40 Palembang. Penelitian ini menyarankan pada pihak sekolah untuk meningkatkan kegiatan positif yang bersifat kelompok yang dapat mengalihkan remaja dari perilaku merokok misalnya dengan mengadakan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, olahraga dan lain sebagainya, dan mengadakan kerja sama lintas program dengan Instansi kesehatan dalam pemberian informasi tentang perkembangan remaja dan permasalahan kesehatan remaja, khususnya bahaya perilaku merokok pada remaja.
ABSTRACT:The in-vivo experimental study on rabbit animals mixed of Moringa oleifera, Lamk (MOL), Gliricidia sepium, Paraserianthes falcataria and Ceiba pentandra leaf meal (1: 1: 1: 1 ratio) of 10%, 20% and 30% in concentrate feed (= green concentrate). The research was conducted at "Mandiri" Breeders Association, Kagrengan Ngijo Karangploso. The research aimed to evaluate the use of green concentrate with forage of cabbage leaves on feed intake, digestibility, digestible intake and average daily gain (ADG) of rabbit. The method used was the experimental method, arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 4 groups. The treatments applied were P0 (basal diet+concentrate 18% crude protein/CP, without leaf meal), P1 (basal diet+green concentrate 18%CP with 10% mixed leaf meal), P2 (basal diet+green concentrate 18%CP with 20% mixed leaf meal), P3 (basal diet+green concentrate 18%CP with 30% mixed leaf meal). The measured variables were feed intake, digestibility, digestible intake and average daily gain of rabbit.The results showed that the use of 10 to 30% mixed leaf meal in green concentrate of rabbits provide to produce ADG higher than concentrate without leaf meal. During the study, rabbit's body weight increased to 1.8-2.3 kg head -1 . Supplementation of mixed leaf meal up to 30% on green concentrate can produce feed intake of 4-5% dry matter (DM) from body weight, and ADG up to 19.83 ± 7.21 g head -1 day -1 .Keywords: green concentrate, mixed leaf meal, rabbit PENDAHULUAN Usaha ternak kelinci sederhana, mudah dilaksanakan dan diharapkan dapat memenuhi sebagian kebutuhan protein hewani masyarakat. Ternak kelinci adalah salah satu komoditas peternakan yang dapat menghasilkan daging berkualitas tinggi, dimana kandungan protein daging kelinci 18,7%, kadar lemak lebih rendah (6,2%), jika dibandingkan dengan lemak daging sapi yang dapat mencapai 18,3% sedang lemak domba 17,5 % (Rukmana, 2005).Pakan yang berkualitas baik akan dapat menghasilkan kelinci dengan produksi yang baik dan daging yang berkualitas. Pakan dalam jumlah cukup yang mengandung karbohidrat, protein, lemak, mineral, vitamin dan air sangat diperlukan kelinci pada masa pertumbuhan, yaitu membutuhkan Digestible Energy (DE) 2500kkal/kg, TDN 65%, serat kasar 10-12%, protein kasar 16% dan lemak 2% (NRC, 1977).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana strategi kepala sekolah dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter peserta didik, implementasinya dan hasil dari implementasi tersebut di SD Negeri 12 Betung. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa 1) strategi kepala sekolah dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter peserta didik yaitu a) pengintegrasian ke dalam kegiatan intrakurikuler, b) pengintegrasian ke dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler; c) pembiasaan di sekolah; 2) implementasi strategi tersebut a) mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter ke dalam setiap mata pelajaran atau tema dan muatan lokal; b) mengintegrasikan ke dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang ada di SD Negeri 12 Betung antara lain pramuka, dokter cilik, dan drumband dengan cara pemberian motivasi, pemberian nasihat, pemberian penghargaan atau hadiah, pemberian sanksi dan keteladanan; c) keteladanan, kegiatan rutin, kegiatan spontan, dan pengkondisian; 3) hasil implementasi strategi tersebut dapat dilihat pada a) penilaian afektif, b) nilai rapor siswa, dan c) buku konseling. Dari ketiga penilaian di atas hasil implementasi strategi kepala sekolah dalam penguatan pendidikan di SD Negeri 12 Betung termasuk kategori baik.
Tax Avoidance is an act to avoid taxes by companies that can reduce tax revenue for the state. This study aims to examine the effect of Leverage, Sales Growth, and Company Size on Tax Avoidance. Population in this study were all companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2018 – 2019 period. Purposive sampling used as sampling technique and obtained 219 companies as samples. This study used quantitative method and the analysis was multiple linear regression analysis. Tax Avoidance proxied by Effective Tax Rate which have a negative interpretation of Tax Avoidance. The result of t test shows that Leverage has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance, positive relationship between Debt to Equity Ratio as proxy for Leverage and Effective Tax Rateas proxy for Tax Avoidance explains that the higher the Leverage, the lower the Tax Avoidance. Sales Growth has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance, negative relationship between sales growth and Effective Tax Rate explains that the higher the Sales Growth, the higher the Tax Avoidance. While Company Size has no significant effect on Tax Avoidance, bigger or smaller the Company Size will not have any effect on Tax Avoidance. The f test shows that Leverage, Sales Growth, and Company Size simultaneously have a significant effect on Tax Avoidance. Result of adjusted R square shows that the effect of Leverage, Sales Growth, and Company Size on Tax Avoidance is 0,072 or 7,2%.
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