The Filago group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) comprises eleven genera, mainly distributed in Eurasia, northern Africa and northern America: Ancistrocarphus, Bombycilaena, Chamaepus, Cymbolaena, Evacidium, Evax, Filago, Logfia, Micropus, Psilocarphus and Stylocline. The main morphological character that defines the group is that the receptacular paleae subtend, and more or less enclose, the female florets. The aims of this work are, with the use of three chloroplast DNA regions (rpl32‐trnL intergenic spacer, trnL intron, and trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer) and two nuclear DNA regions (ITS, ETS), to test whether the Filago group is monophyletic; to place its members within Gnaphalieae using a broad sampling of the tribe; and to investigate in detail the phylogenetic relationships among the Old World members of the Filago group and provide some new insight into the generic circumscription and infrageneric classification based on natural entities. Our results do not show statistical support for a monophyletic Filago group. The traditional generic circumscription of most of the genera, as well as the traditional infrageneric classification of the genus Filago, do not correlate with the inferred phylogenetic relationships. A monophyletic circumscription of Filago and a new subgeneric treatment for this genus are proposed, this involving description of a new subgenus (Filago subg. Crocidion Andrés‐Sánchez & Galbany, subg. nov.) and four new combinations (Filago subg. Pseudevax (DC.) Andrés‐Sánchez & Galbany, comb. et stat. nov.; Filago discolor (DC.) Andrés‐Sánchez & Galbany, comb. nov.; Filago gaditana (Pau) Andrés‐Sánchez & Galbany, comb. et stat. nov. and Filago griffithii (A. Gray) Andrés‐Sánchez & Galbany, comb. nov.). The genera Cymbolaena, Evacidium and Evax are synonymised under Filago. Several incongruences found between chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence analyses, as well as a notable degree of intraspecific sequence variation in all regions sequenced are documented and discussed.

The aim of this study was to quantify the phenotypic differences amongst the taxa included in Veronica subgenus Pentasepalae, represented in the western Mediterranean area. In combination with previously obtained data on genotypic differences, this enabled the recognition of eight taxonomic units. The delimitation of the boundaries among species and subspecies was mainly based on molecular data, whereas the best characters to discriminate taxa were selected after an accurate study of herbarium material and living populations. Such a selection was also supported by a detailed morphometric study of 30 quantitative leaf traits in 88 populations. Several morphological characters, including the length of the trichomes, length of the petiole and leaf division, were found to be robust, and could be useful in the identification of the taxa involved. As a conclusion, a key to the taxa is proposed, as well as a complete nomenclatural treatment for the group, which includes the typification of several names.

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INTRODUCCIÓNEl género Filago L. incluye varias especies de difí-cil delimitación, como consecuencia de que, a primera vista, son muy similares morfológicamente entre sí, lo que ha conducido a frecuentes determinaciones incorrectas y a un mal conocimiento de sus áreas de distribución. En los últimos años se han llevado a cabo estudios de diversa índole: estudios filogenéticos (Galbany-Casals et al. 2010), taxonómicos (Andrés-Sánchez et al. 2011a) o citogenéticos (Andrés-Sánchez et al. 2013b), que han contribuido a definir de una manera más precisa tanto los límites genéricos, como los de las especies que lo integran. Los resultados de esos trabajos apoyan la inclusión de las especies que tradicionalmente constituían el género Evax Gaertn. (Galbany-Casals et al. 2010, Andrés-Sánchez et al. 2011a La complejidad taxonómica del género Filago ha dado lugar a numerosos errores de determinación a lo largo de los años, lo que ha impedido un conocimiento preciso del área de distribución de las especies incluidas en el género. En este trabajo tratamos de recopilar y revisar crítica-mente todos los datos disponibles acerca de la distribución de los 20 taxones presentes en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Como resultado más destacable, aportamos 13 novedades provinciales. Además, se circunscriben de manera precisa las áreas de distribución de F. gaditana, F. germanica, F. lutescens subsp. atlantica y F. micropodioides cuyas áreas de distribución eran mal conocidas por problemas taxonómicos y nomenclaturales. Además, se excluye la presencia de F. asterisciflora en el territorio objeto de Flora iberica. The taxonomical complexity of the genus Filago has traditionally led to many determination mistakes which have hampered a precise knowledge of the exact distribution areas of the species included in the genus. We have tried to compile all the available data on the distribution in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands of 20 taxa from the genus Filago and have critically revised them. As a result, in 13 cases we report the presence of a particular species of Filago for the first time at the provincial level. The distribution ranges of F. gaditana, F. germanica, F. lutescens subsp. atlantica and F. micropodioides traditionally hindered by taxonomic and nomenclatural problems are reliably circumscribed. Last and remarkably, according to our results, F. asterisciflora is not present in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Balearic Islands.Key words: chorology, Spain, Portugal, Balearic Islands, Filago, Evax, Logfia, new records.1 Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s. n., E-37007 Salamanca, España. santiandres@usal.es, mmo@usal.es, erico@usal.es A nuestra querida amiga Maruja, por todos los magníficos, y divertidos, momentos que hemos compartido recolectando estas plantas menudas, además de otras muchas, más grandes pero no por ello más atrayentes.Recibido: 28 enero 2013. Aceptado: 27 febrero 2013.

Climate Change is the most important threat to our society and all species on Earth. Large alterations in the climate are affecting every aspect of our society and in order to limit this impact we must decarbonize the economy before 2050. Although science presents solid evidence on the magnitude of the problem and outlines precisely the consequences, people do not act accordingly and do not consider this issue a priority for their survival. The reason behind this paradox might be a non-appropriate Social Representation of Climate Change in society as the Social Representation conditions and forms the response of the society. In this paper, we extend previous investigations of how this Social Representation is formed in order to find ways to improve it through a Massive Online Open Course on the Science of Climate Change. Using a validated questionnaire, we investigated the knowledge dimension of the Social Representation of Climate Change in a group of students of a MOOC on Climate Change. A pre- and posttest revealed general improvements in all the categories that were considered in this study. A detailed analysis showed different degrees of improvement for different groups, providing new insights in the efficiency of knowledge-based online courses. Well designed Massive Online Open Courses, based on scientific evidence, targeted to the general public might improve the Social Representation of Climate Change, which may in turn trigger awareness and an effective mobilization to address this important and urgent topic.