Background: Many aspects affect precision sports like shooting. Skills such as strength and balance are related to shooting performance and therefore, they should be trained. Thus, planned physical workouts can help to improve Olympic Shooting performance. The main objective of this study was to determine elite shooters’ perspective about fitness trainings. Methods: Eight elite international shooters were interviewed using a semi-structured script validated by an expert shooting committee. Their responses were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative methods. The following categories were obtained: fitness training importance on performance, fitness professional support, precompetitive fitness exercises’ orientation and intensity, main motor abilities, recovery process, fitness evaluation and test and physical training influence on the psychological state. Results: The results suggest that athletes consider physical training as a key factor in their performance. Shooters mainly train strength and endurance exercises, depending on the competitions schedule. However, no consensus exists regarding the professional in charge of fitness trainings, nor the recovery methods to minimize performance losses. In addition, general balance trainings or physical condition tests to evaluate the training progress do not seem to be used. Conclusion: We conclude that there should be greater control of fitness training and recovery processes in Olympic shooting.
Based on the analysis of the mathematical statistical model "Effectiveness", internationally used to process technical-tactical performance in Volleyball, and also to determine its target under the concept "Effectiveness", including its basic characteristics, the paper demonstrates the existence of three mathematical anomalies in the formula. These anomalies are described through examples, including a population-based study that determined that the technical-tactical action Service, Dig and Block have more negative than positive actions, closely related to a fundamental anomaly that causes inaccurate interpretations of reality.Resumen. Partiendo del análisis del modelo matemático de “Efectividad”, utilizado internacionalmente para procesar el rendimiento técnico-táctico del Voleibol, y luego de determinar su objetivo atendiendo al concepto “Efectividad”, así como sus características básicas, en el artículo se demuestra la existencia de tres anomalías en la fórmula. Dichas anomalías son expuestas a través de ejemplos, donde se incluye un estudio poblacional que determina que los fundamentos técnico-tácticos Saque, Defensa de Campo y Bloqueo presentan más acciones negativas que positivas, aspecto estrechamente relacionado con una anomalía fundamental que provoca interpretaciones inexactas de la realidad.
La investigación tiene por objetivo medir cualitativamente el impacto de un programa de actividades recreativas, orientado a mejorar las conductas de adolescentes en situación de abandono familiar. Para llevarla a cabo se seleccionó a 12 adolescentes con tales características, entre los 12 a los 14 años de edad ocho del sexo masculino y cuatro del sexo femenino, residentes en el Barrio Carrizal del distrito especial, industrial y portuario de Barranquilla, en la República de Colombia. De igual manera, se realizó una entrevista a varios líderes de la comunidad, además de una encuesta aplicada a los adolescentes estudiados, y una prueba para delimitar algunos criterios de especialistas, todo ello entre los meses de enero a julio del 2015. La investigación concluye con el diseño de un plan o programa de actividades, adecuado a las características de la muestra estudiada, teniendo presente sus necesidades en correspondencia con las posibilidades existentes. Al implementarse en la praxis el plan de actividades recreativas, se demostró, a partir de la Prueba de Rangos con Signo de Wilcoxon y con la Prueba de los Signos, la mejoría en cuatro indicadores sociales, comparados antes y después de implementada la propuesta.
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