Este artículo analiza las formas en las que las rentas laborales y las transferencias de políticas de bienestar estructuran la desigualdad distributiva en Argentina y España. El coeficiente de desigualdad de Gini de ambos países guarda similitud. ¿Existe una misma desigualdad en Argentina y España? Desde un enfoque estructuralista e institucionalista, se examina la hipótesis de que la heterogeneidad de la estructura productiva y sus efectos sobre el mercado de trabajo y los sistemas de protección social resultan dominantes para explicar el patrón distributivo. Por consiguiente, la semejanza advertida ocultaría matrices distributivas disímiles. Se implementó un análisis descriptivo y un modelo de descomposición del coeficiente de Gin a partir de microdatos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares y de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida. Los resultados revelan diferencias estructurales tras las medidas descriptivas: en Argentina son fundamentales los ingresos laborales del sector microinformal –de muy baja incidencia en España–, mientras que en el país europeo son centrales los ingresos por protección social.
Working poor in Argentina and Spain: A Comparative Analysis Focused on Labour Market Inequalities The article tackles the relationship between labour market stratification and in-work poverty, through a comparative analysis of Argentina and Spain. Although it is usual to refer to its multiple determinants, the main hypothesis is that the labour market's stratification plays a fundamental explanatory role on in-work poverty and that, even in different countries, a similar pattern, linked to labour market inequalities, can be identified. The paper draws on the construction of a typology of economic-occupational positions, performs a descriptive analysis of the labour market stratification and carry out binomial logistic regression models, using two different definitions of in-work poverty, both at the individual and the household's level. The research relies on the Permanent Household Survey (Argentina) and the Survey of Living Conditions (Spain) microdata. The results show important differences in labour market's stratification in Argentina and Spain. However, as the hypotheses states, the economic-occupational position is a fundamental determinant of in-work poverty in both countries-ceteris paribus individual or households' characteristics-and that the same groups of workers (precarious and microenterprises' wage earners and lowskilled self-employed workers) concentrate the greatest odds ratios of poverty, whatever the definition adopted.
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