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In this paper we discuss the interacting hadron resonance gas (HRG) model in presence of a constant external magnetic field. The short range repulsive interaction between hadrons are accounted through Van der Waals excluded volume correction to the ideal gas pressure. Here we take the sizes of hadrons as r π (pion radius) = 0 fm, r K (kaon radius) = 0.35 fm, r m (all other meson radii) = 0.3 fm and r b (baryon radii) = 0.5 fm. We analyse the effect of uniform background magnetic field on the thermodynamic properties of interacting hadron gas. We especially discuss the effect of interactions on the behaviour of magnetization of low temperature hadronic matter. The vacuum terms have been regularized using magnetic field independent regularization scheme. We find that the magnetization of hadronic matter is positive which implies that the low temperature hadronic matter is paramagnetic. We further find that the repulsive interactions have very negligible effect on the overall magnetization of the hadronic matter and the paramagnetic property of the hadronic phase remains unchanged. We have also investigated the effects of short range repulsive interactions as well as the magnetic field on the baryon and electric charge number susceptibilities of hadronic matter within the ambit of excluded volume HRG model.

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In this paper, we propose three different schemes for designing multistable systems coupling Lorenz–Stenflo (LS) systems. In all of these three schemes the coupled LS-systems have been reduced to a single modified LS-system. Theoretically, pitchfork bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation conditions of the modified LS-system are derived. Phase diagrams are presented to show the multistable nature of the coupled LS systems for different initial conditions. One parameter bifurcation analysis is done with respect to difference in initial conditions of the two systems. Two parameter bifurcation analysis results are also presented. Our most important observation is that in coupling two m-dimensional dynamical systems multistable nature can be obtained if i number of variables of the two systems are completely synchronized and j number of variables keep a constant difference between them, where i + j = m and 1 ⩽ i,j ⩽ m − 1. Our observation may be applicable for designing physically or biologically useful multistable systems.