For patients with a CNB diagnosis of DCIS, our validated nomogram using DCIS grade on biopsy, and imaging factors of mass lesion, multicentric disease, and largest linear dimension, may be used for preoperative assessment of risk of upstaging to invasive disease, allowing patient counseling regarding axillary staging at the time of definitive surgery.

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Vaccine-induced adenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination in breast imaging has received significant media attention, with evolving literary correspondence on management. Patients' self-report of axillary swelling following COVID-19 vaccination was reported as high as 16%. 1 The National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Society of Breast Imaging recommended to consider scheduling screening breast imaging 4 to 6 weeks after the second COVID-19 vaccination dose when possible. 2 However, the actual incidence, timing, and characteristics of mammographic axillary adenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination remain uncertain.Methods | Retrospective analysis was carried out assessing patients who received at least 1 injection of COVID-19 vaccine fewer than 90 days prior to either screening or diagnostic mam-mography at the Jacoby Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Florida, between January 15 and March 22, 2021. Information regarding COVID-19 vaccination and symptomatic adenopathy was inquired by technicians performing mammography and documented in the electronic medical record. Axillary adenopathy was assessed by interpreting radiologists and all adenopathy cases were re-reviewed. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher exact test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between days from vaccine and adenopathy. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess potential cutoff days after vaccine and adenopathy. The analysis was done using R version 3.6.2. This study and waiver of informed consent were approved by Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.