Values represent the basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence. 1 Kluckhohn conceptualized values as principles for action encompassing abstract goals in life and modes of conduct that an individual prefers across contexts and situations. 2 Schwartz defined values as desirable, trans-situational goals, varying in importance that serves as guiding Perception of Values: A Study of Future Professionals SAPNA PARASHAR SANTOSH DHAR UPINDER DHAR Values have been defined narrowly in terms of object attractiveness and broadly as abstract principles guiding social life. They are principles for action encompassing abstract goals in life and modes of conduct that an individual prefers across different situations. Certain variables are valued because they are fundamental characteristics or needs to make a better society and facilitate to differentiate between desirable and desired, delectable and electable, short term and long term, and pleasant and good. Values develop in early years. The lifelong behavioural pattern, attitude and perception of individuals are guided and directed by these values. They are most often reinforced by society, since sources of values are national culture, family, teachers, friends and other environmental factors. This article is an attempt to understand the perception of students, who happen to be future professionals, about existing values and the values they think ought to be present in society.

Each doctrine has a history. In the case of law, Langdell has argued that students would be better educated if they were asked to draw their own conclusions about the meaning of judicial decisions. Case studies provide students with an overview of the main issue; background of the institution, industry and individuals involved; and the events that had led to the problem or decision. Faculty may assign questions prior to class to facilitate the students to focus on certain important issues. Principles of law are taught by making the students analyse abridgments of appellate cases in combination with the Socratic method.

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