No abstract

The present experiment was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in six healthy cross bred female cow calves (4 to 6 months age) weighing between 40 to 80 kg. Plasma from blood was separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm. Quantitative estimation of levofloxacin was done by UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 286 nm. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cp(max)) of levofloxacin in febrile calves (5.28±0.32 μg/ml) did not differ significantly as compared with healthy calves (4.50±0.22 μg/ml) after single dose (20 mg/kg) oral administration. The mean therapeutic plasma concentration (Cp(ther)) of levofloxacin was maintained for longer period in febrile calves (10 h) as compared to healthy calves ( 8 h). The mean maximum urine concentration (Cu(max)) in febrile (40.86±2.19 μg/ml) also did not differ significantly as compared with healthy calves (39.38±2.43 μg/ml). No significant difference in various pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma was observed in healthy calves ( β=0.23±0.01/h ; t½β=3.00±0.17 h and MRT=4.66±0.14 h ) and febrile calves ( β=0.23±0.01/ h; t½β=3.05±0.16 h and MRT=5.04±0.14 h). The mean value of β, and t½β calculated in urine also did not differ between healthy and febrile calves. However, the value of MRT(3.79±0.07 h) and Cl(B) (1.65±0.09 ml/kg/min) calculated in urine of febrile calves significantly (p<0.05) differ to healthy calves (MRT=3.15±0.03 h;Cl(B)=2.09±0.13 ml/kg/min). Based on kinetic profile levofloxacin may be given orally at the dose rate of 1.49 mg/kg B.W.at 8 h intervals in febrile calves.

Background

No abstract

Infectious diseases caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain the leading killers of human beings worldwide, and function to destabilize societies in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Driven by the need to detect the presence of HIV viral sequence, here we demonstrate that the second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of gold nanorods can be used for screening HIV-1 viral DNA sequence without any modification, with good sensitivity (100 pico-molar) and selectivity (single base pair mismatch). The hyper Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) intensity increases 58 times when label-free 145-mer, ss-gag gene DNA, was hybridized with 100 pM target DNA. The mechanism of HRS intensity change has been discussed with experimental evidence for higher multipolar contribution to the NLO response of gold nanorods