Streptococcus mutans counts were low up to 6 hours postrinsing among 80% of the children.

Background: Excess weight puts a strain on every part of your body. Foot problems in obese adults are most important. The position and function of the foot and ankle affect the stresses transmitted to the knee. Purpose: To measure and to find correlation between leg-heel alignment, tibial torsion and Q angle in normal, overweight and obese individuals. Materials and Methods: 60 normal, overweight and obese subjects were include with mean age 30.6±5.98, 30.9±5.98 and 29.6±4.87 respectively, with each group 20 subjects. Normal subjects with BMI prime between 0.74 to 1.0 were group A, overweight subjects with BMI prime 1.0 to 1.2 were group B and obese subjects with BMI >1.2 were group C. Of each subject leg-heel alignment, tibial torsion and Q angle will be measured using measuring tape, plumb line and goniometer and correlation is studied. Results: Q angle, tibial torsion and leg-heel alignment were statistically analysed amongst normal, overweight and obese using ANOVA and comparison between 2 groups with ANCOVA. Mean Q angle, tibial torsion and leg heel alignment in normal right leg were 17.

Background: The ankle and foot complex play a critical role in maintaining erect posture, as also in adaptation to supporting surfaces, The Foot Posture Index (FPI), which was developed by Redmond AC in 1998. FPI provides quantitative measurements of the typical deviations of foot posture and is sensitive enough to detect any structural dysfunction in the foot. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in meters. Commonly accepted BMI ranges are underweight: under 18.5, normal weight: 18.5 to 25, overweight: 25 to30, obese: over 30. Purpose: To find the effect of foot posture index associated with body mass index and standing balance in healthy population Materials and Methods: An observational study with 30 participants age between 18 to 30 were recruited in the study, where body mass index, foot posture index and standing balance was noted using the balance master. Results: The study revealed that no statistically significant difference between the foot posture index, body mass index and standing balance Conclusion: There is no effect of foot posture index associated with body mass index and standing balance in healthy population .

Background: Obesity is an increasing problem of epidemic proportion, and is associated with various musculoskeletal disorders, including impairment of spine [1]. Obesity is a condition of accumulation of excessive fat in adipose tissues which leads to sever health issues. Low back pain is a leading cause of disability [2]. It can be due to specific or non specific causes. The lumbar spine in obese individuals becomes hyperlordotic, which is a risk factor for low back pain and poor posture. Purpose: To assess the effect of body mass index, central obesity and core muscle activation on the spinopelvic parameters in individuals with low back pain.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease involving thinning or destruction of the smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones and changes to the bone. Joint arthroplasty is an intervention for those patients who have severe disease, with severe pain and radiographic evidence. Objective: To compare the effect of proprioceptive exercises in osteoarthritic and total replaced knees using the Knee Society Score and Joint Position Sense. Design: A randomised clinical trial. Subjects: A total of 95 subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intervention: Participants were divided into two groups; Group A comprised of the Total Knee Replacement and Group B was the osteoarthritic group. Group A was given exercises along with ambulation and static and resistance cycling and training of functional activities. Group B was given exercises and seven proprioceptive exercises followed by continuous short wave diathermy cross-fire method for 15 minutes. Outcome measure: Pain Intensity, Functional Outcome and Joint Position Sense (JPS) were measured by using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Knee Society Score (KSS) and Absolute angle of error, respectively. Results: The results show a significant difference between the two groups using VAS and JPS whereas showed no significant difference between the two groups on using the KSS. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was observed that proprioceptive exercises are beneficial in improving the joint position sense in patients with osteoarthritis as well as total knee replacements.