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Background: Despite of tuberculosis control programme and anti-tuberculosis drugs, tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious public health issues worldwide. Rapid laboratory detection of M. tuberculosis is needed for the early diagnosis and treatment of TB and MDR TB.Recently GeneXpert MTB/RIF system is a new molecular technique introduce for early detection of M. tuberculosis.Aim: To find out prevalence of MTB and MDR TB by using GeneXpert MTB/RIF system and also find out associated risk factor with MTB. Material and Method:Total 250 patients with suspected MDR pulmonary tuberculosis visited to TB & Chest OPD over a period of 2 years were included in study. Sputum sample was taken from each patient and tested by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay according to standard protocol.Result: Among 250 patients, 159 (63.6%) patients were detected as MTB positive.Out of 159 MTB patients 15 (9.43%) were detected with MDR. Maximum number of MTB was detected in patients from lower socioeconomic status. Out of 159 MTB patients, 25.15 % had showed HIV and TB coinfection. Among 15 MDR patients, 7(46.67%) were found to be defaulter,1(6.66%) due to failure & 7 (46.67%) were newly diagnose. out of 159 MTB detected patients 93 (58.49%) were cured,41 (25.79%)were died & 25 (15.72%) were still on treatment.Conclusion: Newer rapid molecular diagnostic techniques like GeneXpert will help to diagnose tuberculosis & multidrug resistant tuberculosis early so prompt treatment can be initiated for better outcome.

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