Incorporating women's cultural experiences into screening services is necessary to address clinical and policy challenges for reducing breast and cervical cancer mortality among American Indian women. Findings from this research will be used to guide a future study investigating breast-screening patterns related to mammography adherence and development of interventions specific to American Indian women.

The core criterion for Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is the impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) function primarily caused by cognitive, not motor symptoms. There is evidence to assume that mild ADL impairments in mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) characterize those patients at high risk for dementia. Data of 216 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients assessed with comprehensive motor and neuropsychological assessments were analysed. Based on linear regression models, subscores of the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) primarily reflecting patients’ global cognitive status (FAQC) or PD‐related motor severity (FAQM) were developed. A quotient (FAQQ) of both scores was calculated, with values >1 indicating more cognitive‐ compared to motor‐driven ADL impairment. Both FAQC and FAQM scores were higher in PD‐MCI than cognitively normal (PD‐CN) patients, indicating more severe cognitive‐ and motor‐driven ADL impairments in this group. One third (31.6%) of the PD‐MCI group had a FAQQ score >1, which was significantly different from patients with PD‐CN (p = .02). PD‐MCI patients with an FAQQ score >1 were more impaired on tests assessing attention (p = .019) and language (p = .033) compared to PD‐MCI patients with lower FAQQ values. The differentiation between cognitive‐ and motor‐driven ADL is important, as the loss of functional capacity is the defining factor for a diagnosis of PDD. We were able to differentiate the cognitive‐driven from the motor‐driven ADL impairments for the FAQ. PD‐MCI patients with more cognitive‐ compared to motor‐driven ADL impairments may pose a risk group for conversion to PDD and can be targeted for early treatments.

Dementias, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), are the main reason for availing of nursing home care. In the course of the illness, the clinical picture is affected by cognitive decline and by other psychopathological, "non-cognitive" symptoms such as apathy, depression, delusions or agitation. Little attention has been paid to these symptoms, although they lead to an increase in strain on the patients and their relatives as well as complications in nursing care. Psychopathological symptoms were evaluated by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in 145 nursing home residents (age: 85 +/- 7 years, duration of stay: 35 +/- 48 months); the majority of them with moderate to severe dementia (GDS: 5 +/- 2; MMSE: 11 +/- 9). In addition, the Apathy Evaluation Scale was applied. To meet potential regional effects, residents were recruited in nursing homes in the areas around Heidelberg as well as Munster. 87% of the participants showed psychopathological symptoms of an at least moderate degree, depressive mood (52%), apathy (41%) and agitation (38%) being most frequent. General condition, nutritional status and care status were evaluated as 'good', likewise general health care. In contrast, only 27% were treated by psychiatrists. 70% received psychopharmacological treatment, mostly sedatives (44%), while antidementive drugs were used only in 11%. The findings underline the need of further information and advanced training.