The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency in both, preparation time and root canal shape, when using the Nickel Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary and K-Files hand instrumentation on root canal preparation of single rooted primary teeth. Material and methods: Sixty single rooted primary teeth were selected and divided into two equal groups: Group (I) 30 teeth instrumented with manual K- files and group (II) 30 teeth instrumented with Ni-Ti rotary files (ProFile 0.04). Instrumentation times were calculated and root canal impressions were taken with light bodied silicone in order to evaluate the shape. The data was analyzed with SPSS program using the t-test and the Chi-square test to compare their means. Results: The preparation time with group (I) K- files was significantly higher than in group (II) rotary files (ProFile 0.04), with a p= .005. The ProFile system showed a significantly more favorable canal taper when compared to the K-files system (P= .002). Conclusions: The use of rotary files in primary teeth has several advantages when compared with manual K files: the efficiency in both, preparation time and root canal shape. 1. A decreased working time, that helps maintain patient cooperation by diminishing the potential for tiredness. 2. The shape of the root canal is more conical, favoring a higher quality of the root canal filling, and increasing clinical success.
In pigs, it has been reported that increased farrowing rates and litter size have been induced by photostimulating the seminal doses for artificial insemination with red LED light. As the reproductive characteristics, production system, and outcome parameters of Iberian breed pigs are different from other commercial breeds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of illuminating seminal doses from Duroc boars with red LED light and the fertility outcomes of Iberian females. Semen samples were obtained from 38 fertile Duroc boars. Photostimulation of the artificial insemination (AI) seminal doses was carried out by illuminating the samples with a red LED for 10 min, followed by 10 min of darkness, and finally 10 additional minutes of red light. The fertility study was conducted on two commercial farms using multiparous Iberian sows (farm A, n = 824; farm B, n = 2131), that were randomly assigned to LED (L) or control (C) groups. No differences were found between L and C groups in both farms (p > 0.05) for parity, pregnancy rate, duration of pregnancy, farrowing rate, and litter size (total, alive, and stillborn piglets). Farrowing rates in farm A were 88.8% (n = 383) for control and 89.6% (n = 441, p = 0.67) for the LED group. In farm B, farrowing rates were C:90.5% (n = 1030) and L: 90.1% (n = 1101, p = 0.48). In farm A, total born piglets were 8.69 ± 0.11 for C and 8.71 ± 0.11 for L (p = 0.87). In farm B, the results were 8.72 ± 0.7 for C and 8.70 ± 0.06 (p = 0.82) for L. Under the production conditions for the Iberian breed, the photostimulation with red LED light using Duroc pig seminal doses was not effective in improving the fertility of Iberian sows.
En este estudio se evalúa la relación entre el peso al nacimiento y los rendimientos productivos y económicos en un total de 353 lechones con un rango de pesos entre 0,50 kg y 1,22 kg. Los lechones fueron agrupados de acuerdo con su peso en 5 categorías (De 0,50 a 0,69 kg; de 0,70 a 0,79 kg; de 0,80 a 0,89 kg; de 0,90 a 0,99 kg y de 1,0 a 1,22 kg). Se registró el peso de los animales al nacimiento, al final de las fases de lactación, transición, y cebo, calculando la ganancia media diaria (GMD) y la tasa de mortalidad (%MORT) para cada fase. El peso al nacimiento influyó en el peso al final y GMD de la fase de lactación, transición y cebo (P < 0,01), la GMD (r = 0,45; P < 0,01) y afectó al %MORT al final de lactación y del proceso global (P < 0,01). Mediante una curva ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) se estudió la relación entre el peso al nacimiento y supervivencia hasta fin de cebo, determinando que el peso de 0,815 kg es el punto de corte para diferenciar la supervivencia. El peso al nacimiento determina los costes de producción (coste de lechón, coste de cerdo a matadero y coste de kg de animal), siendo los animales con peso inferior a 0,89 kg los que se alejan de la rentabilidad económica. La metodología y los datos del presente estudio podrían servir de base para diseñar estrategias productivas y tomar medidas específicas para los lechones nacidos con bajo peso procedentes de cerdas hiperprolíficas.
En este estudio se seleccionaron un total de 448 cerdas productivas de diferente paridad (rango de partos del 1 al 7), asignando de forma aleatoria 215 cerdas al grupo control y 233 cerdas al grupo Cloprostenol. A éstas últimas se les inyectaron 2 ml de cloprostenol sódico (87 μg) 24 h postparto. Se registraron los datos productivos individualizados de las cerdas de cada uno de los grupos. El intervalo destete hasta la cubrición fue de 6,20 ± 0,22 días para el grupo Control y 5,72 ± 0,23 días para el grupo Cloprostenol (P < 0,01). En el ciclo siguiente el porcentaje de cerdas cubiertas antes de 6 días fue superior para el grupo Cloprostenol frente al control (73,39 % vs. 62,33 %; P = 0,01) y aumentó la tasa de partos en el grupo Cloprostenol (93,99 % vs. 86,51 %; P < 0,01), pero no se encontraron diferencias para el tamaño de camada (13,54 ± 0,15 lechones vs. 13,53 ± 0,15 lechones; P = 0,50). La concentración de progesterona se redujo desde la hora 0 a las 72 h en el grupo Cloprostenol (0,47 ± 0,14 ng/mL vs. 0,35 ± 0,13 ng/mL; P < 0,05), mientras que la reducción no fue significativa en el grupo control. Los resultados del presente estudio sirven para el control de los parámetros reproductivos mediante la disminución de los días no productivos postparto y el aumento de la fertilidad en el ciclo subsiguiente.
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