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Formal and informal modes of collaboration in life sciences research were explored paratextually. The bylines and acknowledgments of more than 1,000 research articles in the journal Cell were analyzed to reveal the strength of collegiate ties and the importance of material and ideational trading between both individuals and labs. Intense coauthorship and subauthorship collaboration were shown to be defining features of contemporary research in the life sciences.

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In this squib we present a new argument based on Bulgarian (Bg) clitic data for the kind of ''multiple Spell-Out'' theory recently argued for in works such as Epstein et al. 1998, Uriagereka 1999, and Chomsky 2000; for an early proposal along these lines, see Bresnan 1971. In particular, we will show that if information is sent from the syntax to the phonology at more than one point, and if CP but not IP is a ''phase,'' then certain otherwise mysterious Bg clitic-ordering facts follow straightforwardly.The squib is organized as follows: in section 1 we describe the basic Bg data, in section 2 we discuss several approaches to these data, in section 3 we introduce new data that reveal the derivational nature of clitic-verb linearization, and in section 4 we demonstrate the empirical advantages of adopting multiple Spell-Out to accommodate the clitic-ordering paradigm.

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