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Introduction: Oral misoprostol as a labor inducing agent (IOL) is quickly attaining popularity under resource constraints due to its cheapness, stability at room temperature, and logistically easier administration in comparison to oxytocin and dinoprostone. We purpose to inspect the effectiveness and safety of a regimen of oral misoprostol in in the Gynae/Obs unit at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar Pakistan. Material and Methods: This was Randomized Controlled Trial conducted at department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Rehman Medical Institute, Hayatabad, Peshawar, from December, 2016 to May, 2017.In this study a total of 200 (100 in each group) patients were observed. After the drug administration, per vaginal examination was done at 4 hourly intervals to see for labor induction/pains. Data was collected by means of proforma. Results: In this study, the mean age was 31.2 with SD ± 3.51 in group B and the mean age was 32.80 with SD ± 4.02 in Group A. Oral route (Misoprostol, 50μg) (Group A) was operative in 80% patients and was not effective in 20% patients. While Vaginal route (Misoprostol, 25μg) (Group B) was effective in 88% patients and was not effective in 12% patients. Conclusion: The oral misoprostol IOL regimen designated in this analysis is effective, safe and logistically practicable to direct with limited resources. Keywords: Vaginal misoprostol, oral misoprostol, induction of labour.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the common non communicable disease and is reported to beprevalent in 20% to 50% of the adult population, hypertension is one of the major contributor ofmortality and morbidity in developing and developed countries. The cross-sectional descriptive studywas formulated to find the prevalence and to assess different etiological factors of hypertension.MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross-sectional study among 400 adults of age 25-75 years wasconducted in months of June to December 2014 in Phase 5, Hayatabad Peshawar. A detailed structuredproforma having important questions was used to collect important data regarding various variables.RESULTS: Our study results showed that 22.75% of the study people were hypertensive i.e. 10.25% ofmales and 12.5% of females; and the prevalence of hypertension showed positive association withadvancing age. Out of all respondents; 60.25% were males while 39.75% were females; 28.5% weresmokers; 5.25% consume predominantly meat; 32.5% were obese & overweight; 36.75% checked theirB.P regularly; and 19.75% had positive history of hypertension in family.CONCLUSION: We conclude that hypertension prevalence was high among our study population andwas associated with various modifiable and non modifiable risk factors thus population based preventivestrategies are needed to control and prevent hypertension.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Age, Diet, Smokers, Hayatabad, Peshawar.

Background: Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are haemotophagus insects and are vectors of many arthropod-borne diseases. Present study aimed to explore species composition, seasonal abundance, spatial distribution and physio-chemical properties of larval breeding sites of mosquitoes in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: Both adults and larvae of mosquitoes were collected through light traps, insecticide spray, mouth aspirator and larval standard dipping method in District Mardan from May to November 2017. Water samples from larval sites were physio-chemically analysed. Results: 5078 (3704 adults and 1374 larvae) mosquito specimens were collected in Mardan, Katlang and Takhtbhai tehsils. Six species in four genera were reported. Culex pipiens (89.80%) and Armigeres subalbatus (9.20%) were the most abundant species. Diversity was high in Takhtbhai (0.29) followed by Katlang (0.28) and Mardan (0.25). Greater number of specimens were recorded in peridomestic sites (93.97%) as compared to domestic habitats (6.03%). Culex pipiens larval abundance had negative correlation with pH whereas it correlated positively with electric conductivity, salinity, and TDS (total dissolved sulphur). Mosquito abundance peaked in August and July while the lowest was in May. Their monthly abundance had positive correlation with rainfall (r= 0.5069), relative humidity (r= 0.4439) and mean minimum temperature (r= 0.2866). Number of mosquitoes was highest at low elevation < 347m asl (above sea level) in agriculture land and near to water bodies (streams). Conclusion: Culex pipiens being the most abundant species, was susceptible to high pH. Mosquitoes preferred habitats were at low elevation in agriculture land.