Structure and reported bioactivities of semi-synthetic and synthetic 6-gingerol derivatives.

Background Neonatal admission hypothermia (HT) is a frequently encountered problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and it has been linked to a higher risk of mortality and morbidity. However, there is a disparity in data in the existing literature regarding the prevalence and outcomes associated with HT in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This review aimed to provide further summary and analyses of the association between HT and adverse clinical outcomes in VLBW infants. Methods In July 2020, we conducted this review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic database search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, World Health Organization Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library databases, and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE). We included studies that assessed the prevalence of HT and/or the association between HT and any adverse outcomes in VLBW infants. We calculated the pooled prevalence and Odds Ratio (OR) estimates with the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) using the Comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3.3 (Biostat, Engle-wood, NJ, USA; http://www.Meta-Analysis.com). Results Eighteen studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were meta-analyzed. The pooled prevalence of HT among VLBW infants was 48.3% (95% CI, 42.0–54.7%). HT in VLBW infants was significantly associated with mortality (OR = 1.89; 1.72–2.09), intra-ventricular hemorrhage (OR = 1.86; 1.09–3.14), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR = 1.28; 1.16–1.40), neonatal sepsis (OR = 1.47; 1.09–2.49), and retinopathy of prematurity (OR = 1.45; 1.28–1.72). Conclusion Neonatal HT rate is high in VLBW infants and it is a risk factor for mortality and morbidity in VLBW infants. This review provides a comprehensive view of the prevalence and outcomes of HT in VLBW infants.

The aim of this study was to determine the OBI in plasma and urine samples from renal transplant patients using Multiplex Nested PCR. Method: A total of 100 samples (plasma and urine) were collected from renal transplant patients admitted to the renal transplant center in Khartoum north, Sudan in 2019. For each sample, HBsAg, HBeAg and anti HBcAg were detected using Enzyme linked Immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The viral DNA was then extracted using viral DNA extraction kit and were then tested for HBV DNA by using multiplex nested PCR. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package of social science (IBM SPSS version 20.0) considering a P value 0.05 as a level of significance. Results: HBsAg were not detected in al patient but, HBeAg were 14 (14%) and anti HBcAg were 36 (36%) were detect by using ELISA. A total 18 (18%) and 3 out of 100 were found positive in plasma and urine samples, respectively. Regarding the virus genotypes, D, E and mixed D/E genotypes were detected in all positive samples. Females were significantly (P value = 0.013) higher detectable with HBV than males in plasma samples Conclusion: OBI incidence in renal transplant patients is high in Sudan. The multiplex nested PCR had identified OBI with a high rate supporting the efficiency of using molecular techniques in detecting of HBV. This will lead to an appropriate diagnosis and minimizing the risk to be infected by HBV.