The original Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) contains 11 nonoverlapping scales assessing specific depression and anxiety symptoms. In creating the expanded version of the IDAS (the IDAS-II), our goal was to create new scales assessing other important aspects of the anxiety disorders as well as key symptoms of bipolar disorder. Factor analyses of the IDAS-II item pool led to the creation of seven new scales (Traumatic Avoidance, Checking, Ordering, Cleaning, Claustrophobia, Mania, Euphoria) plus an expanded version of Social Anxiety. These scales are internally consistent and show strong convergent and significant discriminant validity in relation to other self-report and interview-based measures of anxiety, depression, and mania. Furthermore, the scales demonstrate substantial criterion and incremental validity in relation to interview-based measures of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition) symptoms and disorders. Thus, the expanded IDAS-II now assesses a broad range of depression, anxiety, and bipolar symptoms.

The goal of this study was to explicate how the lower order facets of extraversion are related to psychopathology. We used a "bottom-up" approach in which specific extraversion scales from 3 comprehensive personality inventories were used to model these facets as latent factors. We collected both self-report and interview measures of a broad range of psychopathology from a large community sample. Replicating previous findings using a similar approach (Naragon-Gainey & Watson, 2014; Naragon-Gainey, Watson, & Markon, 2009), structural analyses yielded four factors: Positive Emotionality, Sociability, Assertiveness, and Experience Seeking. Scores on these latent dimensions were related to psychopathology in correlational analyses and in two sets of regressions (the first series used the four facets as predictors; the second included composite scores on the other Big Five domains as additional predictors). These results revealed a striking level of specificity. As predicted, Positive Emotionality displayed especially strong negative links to depressive symptoms and diagnoses. Sociability also was negatively related to psychopathology, showing particularly strong associations with indicators of social dysfunction and the negative symptoms of schizotypy (i.e., social anxiety, social aloofness, and restricted affectivity). Assertiveness generally had weak associations at the bivariate level but was negatively related to social anxiety and was positively correlated with some forms of externalizing. Finally, Experience Seeking had substantial positive associations with a broad range of indicators related to externalizing and bipolar disorder; it also displayed negative links to agoraphobia. These differential correlates demonstrate the importance of examining personality-psychopathology relations at the specific facet level.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) assesses traits relevant for diagnosing personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). We examined the PID-5 in relation to the Big-Three and Big-Five personality traits in outpatient and community adult samples. Domain-level analyses revealed that PID-5 Negative Affectivity correlated strongly with Neuroticism, and PID-5 Antagonism and Disinhibition correlated strongly negatively with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, respectively; Antagonism and Disinhibition also were both linked strongly to Big-Three trait Disinhibition. PID-5 Detachment related strongly to personality, including Extraversion/Positive Temperament, but did not show its expected specificity to this factor. Finally, PID-5 Psychoticism correlated only modestly with Openness. Facet-level analyses indicated that some PID-5 scales demonstrated replicable deviations from their DSM-5 model placements. We discuss implications of these data for the DSM-5 model of personality disorder, and for integrating it with well-established structures of normal personality.

The goal of this study was to explicate the nature of the associations between anomalous sleep experiences-that is, phenomena such as hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and nightmares-and psychopathology. The participants were 406 adults, nearly half of whom (46.3%) had received-or were currently receiving-mental health treatment. We examined a more comprehensive range of psychopathology (both self-reported symptoms and interview-based diagnoses) than has been measured in previous research; the assessment battery contained multiple indicators of internalizing (including both depression and anxiety), substance use, bipolar disorder, dissociation, and psychosis/schizotypy. In addition, we examined the incremental predictive power of anomalous sleep experiences in relation to the Big Five personality traits. An Anomalous Sleep Experiences factor was defined by 4 variables: the General Sleep Experiences scale of the Iowa Sleep Experiences Survey, plus the Sleep Hallucinations, Sleep Paralysis, and Nightmares scales from the Iowa Sleep Disturbances Inventory. Anomalous Sleep Experiences was strongly and broadly related to self-rated and interview-based indicators of psychopathology, and also displayed impressive incremental predictive power vis-a `-vis the Big Five. Anomalous Sleep Experiences exhibited substantial specificity in the self-report data: As predicted, it correlated more strongly with dissociation, positive schizotypy, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and panic disorder than with other symptoms. The interview-based analyses showed less specificity, although Anomalous Sleep Experiences again demonstrated relatively strong associations with psychotic disorders. Overall, our data indicate that anomalous sleep experiences are broadly related to psychopathology, with particularly strong links to dissociation and positive symptoms of psychosis/schizotypy.

Purpose Maternal depression affects approximately one in five women, is under-treated, and compromises infant development. In the UK, public health nurses provide an empirically supported intervention (Listening Visits or LV), to depressed postpartum women. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LV when delivered by US home visitors. Method Nineteen women with depressive symptoms received LV. Pre, post, and follow-up assessments evaluated depression status, life satisfaction, and treatment acceptability. Results Listening Visits were associated with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in depression, improvement in life satisfaction, and were acceptable to women. Conclusions Listening Visits show considerable promise as an effective and acceptable depression treatment.