No abstract

Incidence and mortality rates of cancer continue to increase greatly despite the improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, the numbers of new cancer cases reported in 2018 were ~18.1 million, while the numbers of cancer mortalities were ~9.6 million. It remains difficult to diagnose most cancer patients at early stages. Although cancer therapy market is rapidly evolving, the effectiveness of therapy is still inadequate. Therefore, exploring new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is essential for cancer management. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are unique regulatory molecules that control several cellular processes and are implicated in diverse human diseases including cancer. LncRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for cancer patients to aid diagnosis and determine prognosis. In addition, numerous lncRNAs have proved their ability to predict response to cancer treatment. FAM83H antisense RNA 1 (FAM83H‐AS1) is among those highly dysregulated lncRNAs in cancer. FAM83H‐AS1 was demonstrated to participate in the progression of different malignancies and also shown to play a vital role in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Here, we analyse recent studies concerning the oncogenic role and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA FAM83H‐AS1 in the following cancer types: bladder, breast, lung, hepatocellular, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, cervical cancer as well as glioma.

Background: FAM83H antisense RNA 1 (FAM83H-AS1) and long noncoding RNA activated by TGF β (lncRNA-ATB) are two lncRNAs that have tumor promoting functions in breast cancer (BC). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is another tumor marker that exerts an oncogenic role in BC and facilitate cancer invasion and metastasis. Aims: Our study aimed to 1) analyze serum levels of FAM83H-AS1, lncRNA-ATB, and MMP-9 in BC patients, 2) compare their diagnostic role with that of CA15-3 in BC patients with different stages (I-II, III, and IV), and 3) correlate the levels of the measured lncRNAs, MMP-9, and CA15-3 with the clinicopathological features of BC. Materials and Methods: Serum FAM83H-AS1 and lncRNA-ATB levels were analyzed in 90 BC patients and 30 healthy controls using RT-PCR. While serum levels of MMP-9 and CA15-3 were measured in the same studied groups by ELISA. Results: FAM83H-AS1, lncRNA-ATB, MMP-9, and CA15-3 levels were significantly elevated in sera of BC patients. ROC curve analysis showed that lncRNA-ATB and MMP-9 had higher AUC values than CA15-3 in diagnosis of stage I-II patients (AUC: 0.844 and 0.898, p= 0.000 for lncRNA-ATB and MMP-9, respectively versus 0.738, p= 0.002 for CA15-3). FAM83H-AS1 level was significantly correlated with higher stage, larger tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. FAM83H-AS1 level was also significantly increased in PR-negative and ki67-rich tumors. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that circulating lncRNA-ATB and MMP-9 could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for early BC. FAM83H-AS1 could also be a potential candidate for staging BC and monitoring disease progression.