Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease in which medullary involvement is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation. We present the case of a 37-year-old man with right abdominal and dorso-lumbar pain lasting for months. Computerized tomography showed renal microlithiasis and retroperitoneal, hilar and mediastinal adenopathies. Laboratory results showed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IgG, ?2-microgobulin and angiotensin-conversion enzyme, serum calcium in the upper limit and hypercalciuria. There was a slight elevation of the CD4/CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage, without lymphocytic alveolitis. An endobronchial ganglion biopsy was inconclusive. A positron emission tomography scan demonstrated supra and infra-diaphragmatic, splenic and medullary involvement, suggesting lymphoproliferative disease (LPD). A bone marrow biopsy (BMB) revealed sarcoid-like epithelioid cell granulomas, excluding LPD. Sarcoidosis was assumed and corticosteroids were started. Although cytopenias were not present, the extensive ganglion, splenic and medullary involvement made LPD exclusion imperative, while BMB allowed for a definitive diagnosis.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the most recently approved drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Although they are largely well-tolerated, their intake has been associated with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in some rare cases. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and no history of DKA, who started therapy with empagliflozin one day before presenting with acute pancreatitis and laboratory findings consistent with euglycemic DKA. SGLT2i can induce euglycemic DKA from the first dose. Given the atypical presentation, a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to recognize this complication.

A trombocitopenia é um reconhecido efeito secundário a vários fármacos, alimentos, bebidas e produtos de ervanárias.A piperacillina/tazobactam é uma combinação betalactâmico/inibidor da betalactamase de amplo espectro anti-bacteriano, associada a vários efeitos adversos a nível hematológico, sendo o mais frequentemente reportado a neutropenia reversível, mas a anemia hemolítica Coombs positiva e a trombocitopenia também são descritas. Reporta-se um caso clínico de um homem, 73 anos, que desenvolveu trombocitopenia grave induzida pela exposição a piperacilina/tazobactam, confirmada posteriormente pela reexposição ao fármaco.

O pneumomediastino espontâneo (também designado de síndrome de Hamman), é uma entidade rara, que resulta da rotura espontânea de alvéolos devido a um aumento rápido da pressão intratorácica. Pode ocorrer também na ausência de uma causa clara de aumento da pressão intratorácica, como tosse, exercício intenso ou vómito.