BackgroundHigh-amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (HAM-RS2) stimulates gut-derived satiety peptides and reduces adiposity in animals. Human studies have not supported these findings despite improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity after HAM-RS2 intake which can lower adiposity-related disease risk. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of HAM-RS2 consumption on blood glucose homeostasis in overweight, healthy adults. We also examined changes in biomarkers of satiety (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], peptide YY [PYY], and leptin) and body composition determined by anthropometrics and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dietary intake, and subjective satiety measured by a visual analogue scale following HAM-RS2 consumption.MethodsUsing a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm, double-blind design, 18 overweight, healthy adults consumed either muffins enriched with 30 g HAM-RS2 (n = 11) or 0 g HAM-RS2 (control; n = 7) daily for 6 weeks. The HAM-RS2 and control muffins were similar in total calories and available carbohydrate.ResultsAt baseline, total PYY concentrations were significantly higher 120 min following the consumption of study muffins in the HAM-RS2 group than control group (P = 0.043). Within the HAM-RS2 group, the area under the curve (AUC) glucose (P = 0.028), AUC leptin (P = 0.022), and postprandial 120-min leptin (P = 0.028) decreased independent of changes in body composition or overall energy intake at the end of 6 weeks. Fasting total PYY increased (P = 0.033) in the HAM-RS2 group, but changes in insulin or total GLP-1 were not observed. Mean overall change in subjective satiety score did not correlate with mean AUC biomarker changes suggesting the satiety peptides did not elicit a satiation response or change in overall total caloric intake. The metabolic response from HAM-RS2 occurred despite the habitual intake of a moderate-to-high-fat diet (mean range 34.5% to 39.4% of total calories).ConclusionConsuming 30 g HAM-RS2 daily for 6 weeks can improve glucose homeostasis, lower leptin concentrations, and increase fasting PYY in healthy overweight adults without impacting body composition and may aid in the prevention of chronic disease. However, between-group differences in biomarkers were not observed and future research is warranted before specific recommendations can be made.Trial registrationNone.

As the worldwide obesity epidemic perseveres, efforts to identify ingredients that can aid in weight loss are heightened. A small reduction in fat mass can reduce chronic disease incidence and improve metabolic outcomes in overweight individuals. High‐amylose maize resistant starch 2 (HAM‐RS2) is a functional ingredient rich in fiber that may influence satiety and body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HAM‐RS2 on satiety and body composition using a randomized‐controlled, double‐blind design. Twenty healthy, overweight (BMI 蠅 27) adults (17 female, 3 male) were recruited. Participants consumed either the treatment (n = 13) with 30 g HAM‐RS2, or placebo (n = 7) with fully‐digestible starch, daily for six weeks in muffins. Subjective satiety, using a visual analogue scale, and body composition, using anthropometrics and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), were measured at baseline and week six. A decrease in waist‐to‐hip ratio (‐0.0310, P = 0.019), but increase in hip circumference (3.5146 cm, P = 0.033) occurred from baseline to week six in the HAM‐RS2 group. Reductions in trunk fat mass, android fat mass, and fasting blood glucose also resulted from HAM‐RS2 consumption. No significant changes in body composition or subjective satiety from baseline to week six were found between groups. HAM‐RS2 appears to favorably shift fat mass patterns which may influence metabolic outcomes. Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Texas Woman's University Research Enhancement Fund and Ingredion, Inc.