The sensory distribution in the dorsum of the hand was investigated in 150 formalin-fixed hands with the aim of outlining the most common innervation pattern of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN), dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN). Although variable, the most common pattern found was SBRN innervation to the dorsal surface of the lateral 2½ digits and DBUN innervation to the dorsal surface of the medial 2½ digits. Dual innervation due to communicating branches or nerves overlapping was found in 41 cases. All-radial supply to the dorsum of the hand was found in ten cases. The LABCN was closely associated, and occasionally overlapped, with the SBRN. There were significant differences in the sensory distribution of the dorsum of the right and left hands of the same cadaver. The sensory distribution in the dorsum of the hand is variable; however, understanding the most common innervation pattern and appreciating the possible variations to this pattern is important to avoid errors in interpretation of conduction velocity studies, misdiagnosis of nerve pathology signs and symptoms and inappropriate treatments.

The ulnar nerve (UN) was classically described as supplying most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, and the cutaneous innervation of the ulnar one and half digits, by dividing into superficial sensory and deep motor branches in Guyon's canal. Variations of this pattern have been reported in the literature. This study investigated the cutaneous distribution of the UN in the palm following the dissection of 144 cadaveric hands. The UN was examined and the distances from branching points of the superficial branch to the proximal edge of the pisiform were measured. The UN bifurcated (80.4%) into one deep trunk and one superficial trunk, which further divided distally into the proper digital (PDN) and common digital (CDN) nerves or trifurcated (19.6%) into one deep trunk, a PDN and a CDN in Guyon's canal. It received fibers from the median nerve in four cases and from the dorsal branch of the UN in six cases. A classification scheme based on the nerves contributing to the sensory innervation of the ulnar side of the palm was suggested. Understanding the cutaneous distribution of the UN in the palm and appreciating possible communicating branches can help clinicians to assess hand pathologies better and avoid injuries during surgical interventions.

The palmar communicating branch between the median and ulnar nerves was investigated in 98 hands with the aim of outlining its most common branching patterns and describing its relationship to well-defined anatomical landmarks, including the bistyloid line, wrist crease and flexor retinaculum. Five branching patterns were identified and classified based on their proximal and distal attachments. The palmar communicating branch was found to lie between 26%-79% of the total distance between the metacarpophalangeal joint of the long finger and the wrist crease, and 35%-75% of the total distance between the metacarpophalangeal joint of the long finger and the middle of the bistyloid line. With the aid of the morphometric indices obtained from this study, a risk area where the palmar communicating branch is most likely to be found is outlined. Knowledge of the branching patterns and location of the palmar communicating branch can help clinicians to better assess variations in the patterns of sensation, preserve the nerve during surgical interventions to the palm and better assess post-operative complications involving the branch.

Procedures involving the small saphenous vein (SSV) can result in sural nerve (SN) damage due to the proximity of the two structures. The relationship between the SN and SSV has previously been described in cadaveric studies with limited scope on surface landmarks. This study investigates the relationship between the SN and SSV in vivo through ultrasound. Transverse/short-axis ultrasound scans of 128 legs (64 healthy participants) were taken by a single observer using a GE Logiq e ultrasound system with a 5-13 Hz linear transducer (GE Logiq 12L-RS). The SN was identified and traced from the lateral malleolus to the popliteal fossa noting its course and proximity to the SSV. The distance between the SN and SSV was measured at points representing the distal 50% and 25% of the total leg length (the distance between the medial tibial condyle and the inferior edge of the medial malleolus). The SN and SSV were visualized in all participants regardless of BMI and atypical anatomical relationship were noted in 20.3%. The SN pierced the fascia in the distal 25.9% AE 5.3% of the total leg length. The distance between the SN and SSV was 4.06 AE 1.8 mm and 3.4 AE 1.4 mm in the distal 50% and 25% points of the total leg length, respectively. There was no significant effect of sex or body side. The SSV is a viable option for multiple vein harvest. Ultrasound visualization can be a beneficial tool for delineating variations of the SN in relation to SSV prior to surgery. Clin. Anat. 32:277-281, 2019.

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Takalar – Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Memandang pentingnya membekali fleksibilitas bagi guru saat membuat absensi kelas, merancang survey dan/atau soal online di era pemberlakuan new normal, maka dianggap penting melatih guru mengenal dan mengelolah aplikasi tertentu yang gampang digunakan dan mudah didapat seperti google-form. Salah satu tempat yang dipilih untuk melakukan pengabdian ini adalah Takalar khusus pada guru-guru SMP. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk (1) meningkatkan pengetahuan guru dalam memanfaatkan dunia online (internet); (2) meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan pada guru tentang pentingnya pemanfaatan internet dalam pembelajaran; (3) meningkatkan wawasan, kemampuan, dan keterampilan guru dalam memanfaatkan internet lebih informatif dan inovatif dengan merancang dan membuat absensi, soal, dan survey; dan (4) mengurangi jumlah guru yang melakukan absensi, survey, dan/atau soal ujian yang semi manual (menggunakan list via WA atau Zoom message) di era revolusi industri 4.0. Tujuan ini sangat cocok dengan permasalahan mitra yaitu (1) keterbatasan pengetahuan guru dalam memanfaatkan dunia online untuk pembuatan absensi, soal & survey; (2) software dasar pembuatan absensi sebagai perangkat lunak praktis belum banyak dikenal pemanfaatannya di kalangan guru; dan (3) perlunya guru mempersiapkan diri dalam membuat absensi, menyusun soal, dan merancang survey yang berkualitas yang memerlukan kemampuan penggunaan fasilitas online. Metode yang  digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan pengajaran, diskusi, dan pelatihan secara kolaborasi antara pelaksana dengan mitra pertama berbasis online. Metode ini dilaksanakan kepada semua guru sekolah menengah yang mendaftar. Luaran yang diharapkan adalah (1) menambah pengetahuan guru dalam memanfaatkan dunia online (internet); (2) meningkatnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan pada guru tentang pentingnya internet dalam membuat absensi, menyusun soal, dan merancang survey online; (3) meningkatnya wawasan, kemampuan, dan keterampilan guru dalam memanfaatkan internet menjadi lebih informatif dan inovatif; dan (4) berkurangnya jumlah guru yang melakukan absensi, soal & survey semi manual di era revolusi industri 4.0