Introdução: Paenibacillus stellifer está amplamente distribuído na natureza, mas sua patogenicidade não foi relatada, desde que foi identificado pela primeira vez em 2003. Objetivos: Este trabalho objetivou identificar bacilos Gram-variáveis, isolados em casos de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde, no período de Setembro/2015 a Agosto/2016, em um hospital da região serrana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil e avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade destes microrganismos a antibióticos comumente empregados na prática clínica. Métodos: Inicialmente, os microrganismos foram identificados a partir de testes bioquímicos convencionais e o resultado foi confirmado através da técnica de Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization — Time of Flight (MALDITOF). O teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos foi realizado de acordo com as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Resultados: Foram analisadas 105 amostras: 59 secreções de feridas cirúrgicas e 46 hemoculturas. Bacilos Gram-variáveis foram identificados em duas amostras de secreção de ferida cirúrgica (3,39%) e em duas hemoculturas (4,35%). Paenibacillus stellifer foi o microrganismo isolado nas quatro amostras e apresentou sensibilidade perante todas as drogas testadas. Conclusão: P. stellifer é um microrganismo de origem ambiental e não compõe a microbiota humana. De acordo com o conhecimento atual, esta é a primeira identificação de P. stellifer, como agente etiológico de infecções de ferida cirúrgica no mundo, e bacteremia no Brasil. Por fim, destaca-se o fato de que microrganismos normalmente encontrados no ambiente são capazes de causar infecções, quando presentes no ambiente hospitalar.

The present study demonstrated Corynebacterium amycolatum as an emerging MDR nosocomial pathogen with emphasis on recognition of the class A β-lactamase encoding gene. Analysis of phenotypic and genotypic features of virulence mechanisms including C. elegans survival response to infection to C. amycolatum (imipenem - resistant and susceptible) strains were also investigated. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. We also evaluated the ability of Corynebacterium amycolatum in its ability to colonize and kill or host in a C. elegans infection model system and we investigated the adherence and invasion persistence of C. amycolatum within HEp-2 and U-937 cells. This study identified two C. amycolatum strains penicillin resistant and were positive for the blagene, encoding a class A betalactamase. The ability to C. amycolatum to kill the nematode C. elegans was verified. All strains of C. amycolatum caused a decline in the survival curve of C. elegans. The interaction of nematode and C. amycolatum results in morphological changes: Dar formation and “bag of worms” in all tested strains. About U-937 macrophages assay, the data indicate that the samples of Corynebacterium amycolatum studied had greater ability to adhere to the surface in the first 3 hours of infection of the monolayers (p <0.05). According to current knowledge, this is the first identification of C. amycolatumbla gene positive. So, we suggest that medical surveillance programs should include control strategies in order to decrease potential risk factors of nosocomial infections due to C. amycolatum.

http: //dx.doi.org/10.17058/reci.v7i1.7985 Please cite this article in press as: Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection, usually caused by enterobacteria, mainlyEscherichia coli. These microorganisms have shown antibiotic resistance to several drugs used to treat UTI in different parts of the world. However, previous studies on regional prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility have not been published. This work aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria associated to UTI of out-and nosocomial patients examined and/or treated in a hospital at Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The present study demonstrated Corynebacterium amycolatum as an emerging MDR nosocomial pathogen with emphasis on recognition of the class A β-lactamase encoding gene. Analysis of phenotypic and genotypic features of virulence mechanisms including C. elegans survival response to infection to C. amycolatum (imipenem - resistant and susceptible) strains were also investigated. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. We also evaluated the ability of Corynebacterium amycolatum in its ability to colonize and kill or host in a C. elegans infection model system and we investigated the adherence and invasion persistence of C. amycolatum within HEp-2 and U-937 cells. This study identified two C. amycolatum strains penicillin resistant and were positive for the blagene, encoding a class A betalactamase. The ability to C. amycolatum to kill the nematode C. elegans was verified. All strains of C. amycolatum caused a decline in the survival curve of C. elegans. The interaction of nematode and C. amycolatum results in morphological changes: Dar formation and “bag of worms” in all tested strains. About U-937 macrophages assay, the data indicate that the samples of Corynebacterium amycolatum studied had greater ability to adhere to the surface in the first 3 hours of infection of the monolayers (p <0.05). According to current knowledge, this is the first identification of C. amycolatumbla gene positive. So, we suggest that medical surveillance programs should include control strategies in order to decrease potential risk factors of nosocomial infections due to C. amycolatum.