This paper offers a conceptual framework for the intersection of work and family roles based on the constructs of work involvement and family involvement. The theoretical and empirical literature on the intersection of work and family roles is reviewed from two analytical approaches. From the individual level of analysis, the literature reviewed reveals three theoretical models which assert: (1) that work and family are separate role environments (segmented); (2) that work and family roles are antithetical (compensatory); or (3) that work and family roles are fundamentally similar (spillover). Literature from the couple's level of analysis is then reviewed which presents evidence for the existence of an inter-spouse relationship. Based on this review, a conceptual framework is proposed. Included is a table which lists all possible combinations of work and family involvement between two spouses. These 24 combinations are then collapsed into four general patterns: all roles symmetric; all roles asymmetric; symmetric family-asymmetric work; and asymmetric family-symmetric work. Each of these patterns is described and their place in the existing literature is examined. (Author/NRB)

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A supervision model is suggested that uses both individual and group formats and incorporates the following three foci: facilitation of personal growth and awareness, acquisition of practical skills, and mastery of cognitive and theoretical knowledge. The initial experiences and needs of beginning psychotherapy students are used\to illustrate this model. ' The trainees' needs are divided into three stages: role definition, skill acquisition, and practice solidification and evaluation, all of which match the three foci. The article offers practical suggestions and a more systematic understanding of the supervisory process.

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This article offers a framework for understanding contradictory findings in the field of the personality of working and professional women. Modern theory and research display two patterns: the early pattern of the 1960s, which viewed professional women as violating sex stereotypes, lacking femininity, and having personality disturbances; and the contemporary view, which emerged during the 1970s and suggests the possibility of combining career with family without psychological conflicts and personality disturbances. A critical appraisal of the literature in four areas (psychological role conflict, fear of success, comparison between housewives and career women, and comparisons between women in traditional and pioneer occupations) concludes that little evidence supports the view that professional women have personality disturbances because of their career. Possible explanations for shifting viewpoints and contradictory findings are presented. The article also analyzes the issues and problems professional women currently face and assesses the accessibility of those issues to empirical study.Research o n the personality of the working woman yields conflicting results. In some studies, career women appear to be less well adjusted a n d more dissatisfied with themselves than housewives (Surette,