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Stigma towards psychological problems is an ongoing issue that negatively affects people living with these circumstances, diminishing their quality of life and well-being. This stigma can even aggravate the symptomatology itself and hinder the recovery process (Corrigan et al., 2012;Del Rosal et al., 2020;Livingston & Boyd, 2010).The Mental Illness Stigma Framework (MISF) (Fox et al., 2018) conceptualises stigma towards mental health problems from two perspectives: that of the person who stigmatises and that of the stigmatised person. The conceptual cores of the stigmatiser, which make up social stigma, refer to stereotypes (cognitive dimension), prejudice (affective dimension), and discrimination (behavioural dimension) (Corrigan & Watson, 2002). Therefore, social stigma occurs when the general population, based on their shared beliefs about the illness and the negative emotions it generates, acts in a discriminatory manner towards people with psychological problems. From the perspective of the stigmatised person, meanwhile, there is internalised stigma, resulting from the internalisation and selfapplication of these prejudices and stereotypes, as well as from the discriminatory experiences lived (Livingston & Boyd, 2010). Finally, as a common element in both prisms, there is structural stigma, which limits the opportunities of people with psychological problems at institutional, political and legal levels (Fox et al., 2018).

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Social stigma towards people with mental health problems, homeless people or people with intellectual disabilities leads to a significant restriction of their human rights. Such stigma, which is associated with different conditions of vulnerability, has been assessed over time through surveys. However, intersectional stigma due to gender is often not assessed in these studies as they only analyse the data for this variable separately. Therefore, presented here is the first national survey in Spain on the social stigma associated with mental health problems, homelessness and intellectual disability. This proposal considers the importance of gender and intersectional stigma.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A qualitative-quantitative methodology is used by means of a computer assisted web interviewing survey. A gender perspective is proposed both in the development of the questions and in the measurement and analysis of the data. To this end, three versions of the questionnaire are developed: a neutral, a male and a female version.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results are intended to have an impact on social and equality policies for people with mental disorders, homeless people and people with intellectual disabilities.</p><p><strong>Trial Registration</strong>: The study has the approval of the deontological commission of the faculty of psychology and is registered in clinical trials.</p>

Resumen: La pandemia de Covid-19 ha tenido un grave impacto en la salud mental de la población, que además ha visto mermado su acceso a atención psicológica por diversas barreras. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el estado de salud mental de la población española al inicio del confinamiento (N = 3480) y 12 meses después (N = 550), y describir el uso de servicios de atención psicológica y sus principales barreras de acceso. Los participantes completaron una encuesta online. El 40% de la muestra reveló haber tenido problemas de salud mental desde el inicio de la pandemia, de los cuales el 23.4% señalaron haber recibido

Background: Mental health stigma is a relevant phenomenon with implications for the people who suffer from it. Despite its importance, no studies have been carried out in Spain at national level with a representative sample of the population. Aims: The aim of this research is to analyze the stigma associated with MHPs in a representative sample of the Spanish population for the first time. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a representative sample of the population ( N = 2746). Descriptive analyses and regressions are carried out on the different dimensions of stigma such as attitude, attribution and intention of social distance. Results: Medium levels of stigma are obtained in stigmatizing attitudes and attributions, and medium-low levels in the intention of social distance. The best predictors of stigma in its different dimensions are attitudes, attributions and intention of social distance themselves. Progressive political ideology is related to less stigma in all dimensions. Knowing someone with mental health problems and talking openly about it together with higher education are also relevant protectors. Mixed results are obtained regarding age, gender and help-seeking. Conclusion: National programs and campaigns focused on attitudes, attributions and behavioral intentions are necessary to reduce the stigma still present in Spanish society.