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<p>A multi-layer multi-hop mechanism, with one of three different types of router protocol algorithms (Steiner minimal tree (SMT), shortest path tree (SPT) and minimal spanning tree (MST)) was employed for the construction of multi-cast MANET CRNs. The probability of success (POS) used as the channel assignment scheme, is dependent on the availability of the channel, and the required transmission time. It was applied to the network after the conversion of the network’s random topology into one of the three algorithms (SMT, SPT or MST). This facilitated the selection of an efficient channel for the transmission of the CR user’s data, under the effect of the Rayleigh fading channel. Three idle probability circumstances (i.e., =0.1, 0.5, 0.9), and different network parameters, were used to compare the  performance of the CRN with three routing protocols in terms of throughput, and packet delivery rate (PDR). According to the simulation results, for a high traffic load of PUs ( 1) at different network parameters , the CRN with the SPT algorithm performed better than the CRN with the SMT or MST algorithm. </p>

In this study, the multicast mobile ad hoc (MANET) CRN has been developed, which involves multi-hop and multilayer consideration and Steiner minimal tree (SMT) algorithm is employed as the router protocol. To enhance the network performance with regards to throughput and packet delivery rate (PDR), as channel assignment scheme, the probability of success (POS) is employed that accounts for the channel availability and the time needed for transmission when selecting the best channel from the numerous available channels for data transmission from the source to all destinations nodes effectively. Within Rayleigh fading channels under various network parameters, a comparison is done for the performance of SMT multicast (MANET) CRN with POS scheme versus maximum data rate (MDR), maximum average spectrum availability (MASA) and random channel assignment schemes. Based on the simulation results, the SMT multicast (MANET) CRN with POS scheme was seen to demonstrate the best performance versus other schemes. Also, the results proved that the throughput and PDR performance are improved as the number the primary channels and the channel's bandwidth increased while dropped as the value of packet size D increased. The network's performance grew with rise in the value of idle probability (𝑃 𝐼 ) since the primary user's (PU) traffic load is low when the value of 𝑃 𝐼 is high.