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BACKGROUND Yoga is considered to be a good exercise for maintaining proper health and also has a profound effect on the lung functions of an individual. Yogic practices help in prevention, control and rehabilitation of respiratory diseases associated with diabetes, and it also delays and prevent the complications of the disease. Aims and Objectives-To assess the effect of yoga on BMI and pulmonary functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis non-randomized control trial was conducted , on 180 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, classified into case [n=90] with yoga intervention and control [n=90] with no yoga. Baseline parameters, anthropometry and PFT, were recorded at the start and after 3 months. The sample size estimation was done at conveniences. RESULTSResults showed a significant difference in BMI between the groups and significant difference in pulmonary functions parameters like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1st second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%), at the end of 3 months, between the case group with yoga intervention and control group with no intervention. CONCLUSIONThus, three (3) months yoga training has been found to be effective in improving BMI and pulmonary functions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can prevent the early onset of macrovascular and microvascular complications. KEY WORDSYoga, BMI, Pulmonary Function Tests, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Sutnga T, Ningthoujam S, Oumanath F. Effect of yoga on BMI and PFT among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2019;8(05):329-332, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2019/71 BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem in developing and developed countries and according to World Health Organization (WHO) at least 366 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2011. This figure will rise to 552 million by 2030 and India will be the World Diabetic Capital by 2025. 1,2Diabetes mellitus is associated with widespread hormonal, metabolic, and microvascular abnormalities, as well as with disturbances of the function of many organ systems. The macroangiopathic and microangiopathic complications affect eyes, kidneys, nerves, cardiovascular system and respiratory system. The biochemical and structural change in basement membrane proteins of different body organ systems are the mainstay for development of diabetic complications. 3 These alterations are reversible to start with, and can be delayed by keeping the blood sugar levels in the normal range. 2

BACKGROUND Hypertension is an important public health issue and is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Yoga which aims at harmonising mind, body and spirit has been shown to be useful in individuals with hypertension. The objective of our study is to assess the effect of Yoga on Heart Rate (HR) and Blood Pressure (BP) in mild hypertensive patients (Stage 1 of JNC 7 classification) who are not in any form of medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 mild hypertensives (28 males and 22 females) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 to 159 mmHg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) 90 to 99 mmHg in the age group of 25-65 years, who came to practise yoga at the Yoga Training and Research Centre (YTRC bearing registration no. 38 of 1987) Kwakeithel, Imphal, were selected based on exclusion criteria. Heart rate and blood pressure were estimated before any intervention. Physiological parameters viz. HR response to standing (30:15), BP response to standing, Valsalva Ratio (VR) and Isometric Hand Grip test (IHG) were estimated to assess autonomic functions in these patients. They were subjected to yogic practices (Asanas, pranayama and meditation) for 1 hour in the morning each day for 6 days a week. After 3 months, the same parameters were estimated again. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant decrease in HR, SBP and DBP after 3 months of yoga training. It was also seen that 3 months of yoga training improved autonomic functions in mild hypertensives. CONCLUSION Mind-body therapy of yogic asanas has been found to be effective in reducing heart rate and blood pressure in mild hypertensives.