Background Diversity in the specialties is essential to provide optimal health care. Future career specialties chosen by the students had great significance for balanced doctor's distribution in different specialties, as it determines the composition of the physician workforce. Therefore, there has been a deeper interest in the issues of career preference among medical students. We aimed to determine and assess the factors perceived to be significantly attractive when choosing a future specialty. Materials and methods A cross-sectional-based study was conducted among undergraduate medical students from all of the medical schools in Jordan from April to September 2021. The data was collected using a structured online questionnaire through social media platforms and completed by 1556 students. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section included the sociodemographic data of the participants, while the other two sections included questions about future specialty and the factors that influence the student's choice. Informed consent was taken from the participants. Results Of the participants, (64%) were female. The mean age of the students was 20.9 years. Regarding the future specialty, 664 students (42.7%) preferred surgery as future specialty (females = 364, males = 300). While 505 students (32.5%) preferred specialty in medicine (females = 365, males = 140). Moreover, 349 students had no decision until now regarding their future specialty (females = 238, males = 111). Generally, the surgical specialty was the most preferred specialty, while the basic science specialty was the least preferred. Specialty in medicine and surgery was the most preferred specialty among females and males respectively. Conclusion Surgery in general was the most popular specialty among medical students. Other common choices were neurosurgery, internal medicine, and pediatrics. The more attractive factors were the appeal of being in the specialty, the influence on patient's lives, the potential for patient interactions and the high income. While the least attractive factor was having a long-term relationship with the patients.

Rationale: Parosteal lipomas are rare neoplasms comprising mature adipocytes situated in a proximity to bone. Although these tumors follow a benign course, the reactive osseous changes that may occur with such lesions might raise the suspicion of malignancy.Patient Concerns: Here we present a case of a 33-year-old male patient complaining of pain and swelling in the right anterior forearm without history of trauma.Diagnosis: An magnetic resonance imaging of the region revealed a lobulated intramuscular fat intensity mass within the supinator muscle. Bony projection inseparable from the anterolateral radial diaphyseal cortex and periosteum was also seen. The radiological features suggested the diagnosis of parosteal lipoma.Intervention: After the radiological diagnosis of a parosteal lipoma, the patient was offered a total surgical excision of the mass.Outcomes: The mass was removed successfully. Histopathology showed mature benign adipose tissue bordered by thin fibrous septa confirming the diagnosis of parosteal lipoma. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging after 6 months did not reveal any signs of complications or recurrence.Lessons: Distinction of the features of parosteal lipomas is needed to establish the accurate diagnosis, discriminate it from malignant lesions, predict potential neurovascular compromises, and follow up until a curative action is planned.

No abstract

Introduction We report a case of pneumocephalus, which is identified as the presence of air in the cranial cavity and is a rare complication after spinal surgeries, in addition to a literature review of similarly reported cases. Case presentation The patient is a 63-year-old male who developed pneumocephalus after undergoing a minimally invasive left side decompression at L3-L4 with left L4 foraminotomy even though there were no signs of dural tears or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leaks. After the diagnosis of pneumocephalus using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the patient was treated conservatively and was discharged after 3 weeks without developing further complications. Discussion Pneumocephalus is defined as an abnormal accumulation of air within the cranial cavity. It can occur due to a variety of causes but rarely due to gas forming bacteria. Many theories are suggested concerning the pathophysiology of pneumocephalus, the inverted bottle theory, the ball valve theory, the Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) theory, and as we outweigh in our case, gas forming bacteria theory. Pneumocephalus can be treated surgically, nevertheless, conservative management methods of such cases are usually followed. Conclusion The aim of this study is to draw further attention to the management and diagnosis of such surgical complication. A more extended research is needed to provide a full comprehensive approach to deal with this problem if faced in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the first pneumocephalus case induced by a postoperative bacterial infection in the global English based medical literature.

Evidence based information sources for physicians are needed for informed antibiotic prescribing practices. The aim of this study was to explore physicians’ preferred sources of information and evaluate physicians’ awareness of available information and initiatives on prudent antibiotic prescribing in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire and included physicians (n = 409) from all sectors and specialties in Jordan. Published guidelines (31.8%), the workplace (25.7%), colleagues or peers (20.0%), group or conference training (18.3%), and the medical professional body (18.1%) were the main sources of information about avoiding unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, with the influence of these sources on changing prescribers’ views being 34.7%, 17.1%, 11%, 13.4%, and 7.6%, respectively. One-third of physicians (33.7%) reported no knowledge of any initiatives on antibiotic awareness and resistance. Regarding awareness of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance, 10.5%, 34%, and 55.5% of physicians were aware, unaware, and unsure of the presence of any national action plans, respectively. Physicians showed interest in receiving more information on resistance to antibiotics (58.9%), how to use antibiotics (42.2%), medical conditions for which antibiotics are used (41.3%), prescribing of antibiotics (35.2%), and links between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (19.8%). The findings can inform interventions needed to design effective antimicrobial stewardship, enabling physicians to prescribe antibiotics appropriately.