Background: Biofilms are groups of microorganisms that collect to each other and with different surfaces by adherence mechanisms. These are formed of cells and extracellular matrix manufactured by these cells. There may be a great problem in some situations e.g. on medical implants and resistance against antibiotics. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine biofilm forming power of bacteria isolated from the conjunctiva, contact lens and the lens storage case by both phenotypic and genotypic detection methods. Methodology: Samples were taken from (36) persons in the period from January 2020 to June 2020 at Ophthalmology Department, Tanta University Hospitals, all the samples were transported to the Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Tanta University where bacterial strains were isolated. The biofilm formation phenotypic detection was performed by both tube method and Congo red agar method. The biofilm-forming genes of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus (ica A) and that of P. aeruginosa (psl A), were detected by PCR. Results: The (216) samples (swabs & discarded lenses) gave rise to a total number of (247) bacterial isolates. By using tube method; (52.3%) were moderately positive, (31.5%) strongly positive and (16.2%) negative for biofilm formation while after using the Congo red agar method; (35.3%) were moderately positive, (38.4%) strongly positive and (26.3%) negative for biofilm formation. Regarding the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, two (50%) of these were containing (icaA) gene. Regarding the (21) CoNS isolates, three (14.3%) contained (icaA) gene. Although all of the Pseudomonas isolates didn't contain pslA (1119 bp) gene, these were positive for biofilm production by phenotypic methods. Conclusion: The majority of the isolates had the capacity to form biofilms. Both tube and Congo red agar methods showed clear significant correlation and detected a high number of biofilm-producing strains. The absence of genes responsible for biofilm formation did not exclude the phenotypic biofilm production by these bacteria which is a common state.

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Background: Anaemia happens when the blood's level of red blood cells (RBCs) and/or haemoglobin are lower than normal for age and sex.  The most prevalent type of anaemia is iron deficiency anemia (IDA. This study aims to measure the level of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in patients with IDA both prior to and following iron supplementation therapy and to spotlight on its correlation with severity of anemia and to assess clinical outcomes after iron therapy with respect to oxidative stress. Methods: This study was carried out on 30 iron deficiency anaemia patients and 20 healthy controls with matched age and sex. Three groups were formed out from the patients, Group I: Twenty healthy subjects as a control with no history of IDA, group II: Thirty patients IDA before iron treatment and group III: The same thirty patients with IDA, but after oral iron treatment (100 mg ferrous glisin sulfate twice daily for two months). All patients were subjected to routine laboratory investigation [Hb, Htc, MCV, Fe, TIBC, ferritin, transferrin saturation, reticulocytic count and albumin], and specific laboratory investigation (ischemia modified albumin). Results: In group II, there was positive significant correlation between MCV and IMAR, there was positive significant correlation between IMA level and MCV, while there was negative significant correlation between Hb, haematocrit, albumin, and IMA. In group III, there was negative significant correlation between albumin and IMAR, there was negative significant correlation between Hb, Htc, albumin, and IMA. Conclusions: Anemia causes a rise in IMA, and this increase may be related to hypoxia. And we found that the IMA levels could be demonstrative of the severity of anemia. Its level was elevated after iron therapy (100 mg ferrous glisin sulphate twice daily for two months) attributed to oxidative stress associated with iron therapy, which might alter the structure of albumin and raise IMA values.

Background: Vitamin D, affecting many tissues and organs of the body. It exerts many of its effects through contact with Vitamin D receptor (VDR) It Is Important especially in immune system; Immune thrombocytopenia is one of the most common causes of symptomatic thrombocytopenia in children. Aim: The main objective of our study was to study vitamin D receptor level in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and effect of vitamin D supplementation upon the response of the thrombocytopenia to conventional therapy of ITP. Subjects and Methods: This is a case control study which included 30 ITP children, who would be attendants to Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospital in Egypt. This study would include also 30 apparently healthy children matched in age and sex as a control group. The duration of the study ranges from 6 to 12 months, for all patients and controls the following were done: complete blood count, bone marrow aspiration, serum level of Vitamin D receptors, serum calcium level, serum phosphorus level, serum alkaline phosphatase level and serum parathyroid hormone level. Results: the results revealed that mean ± SD of Vitamin D receptors in case group is 132.43 ± 14.58 and there was statistical difference between groups regarding Vitamin D receptor. There was statistical difference between platelets count and Serum total Ca (mg/dl) with negative correlation, while there was no statistical difference between platelets count and Vitamin D receptor. There was statistically significant difference in platelets count in patient with ITP before and after conventional treatment and platelets count in patient with ITP under conventional treatment plus vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion: VD receptors elevation is very common in ITP. Supplementing VD might diminish recurrence. Further research is needed.

Background: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is described by an immune responding versus the host’s own platelets, in recent years is progressively studied the non-calcemic roles of vitamin-D (VD) that controls immune and inflammation responding. Aim and objectives: The current work aimed to study VD-level in children with ITP and influence of VD supplementing upon the responding of the thrombopenia to conventional therapy of ITP. Subjects and methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational work which included 30 ITP-children who were attendants to Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospitals with ages from 2 to 16-yrs with mean ageing of 6.43 ± 3.75-yrs, for all patients and controls serum-levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were measured. Results: A significant change was found among the studied groups in regard to VD-levels with lower values among patients compared with controls, a statistically significant negative association was found among platelet counts and each of vitamin D level and serum Ca, the mean platelet count after conventional therapy was significantly increased in group one ITP patients. Conclusion: VD lack is very frequent in children with recently identified or chronic ITP form. Consequently, there are advantages of supplement VD in ITP-cases.