With the eminence of the era of knowledge-based economies, the concept of intellectual capital (IC) is of vital importance for organisations to survive in these vigorous environments. As one of the knowledge intensive sectors, there is no exception to banking institutions in enhancing their intellectual capital efficiency to the forefront especially for Islamic banks (IBs) that have to compete with the firmlyestablished conventional banks. Accordingly, this study intends to measure the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and banks’ performance. In total, 59 Islamic banks are selected and their audited annual reports are compiled from the banks’ websites respectively from year 2006-2017. Value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) are applied in measuring IC efficiency. The findings provide empirical evidences of positive relationship between IC efficiency and banks performance, nonetheless, when decomposes into human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE), only human capital efficiency shows significant positive relationship with performance of the banks while the other two components show significant negative linkage with bank performance. Furthermore, due to criticisms towards VAIC method, this study using modified value-added intellectual capital coefficient (MVAIC) and found that MVAIC has significant positive relationship with bank performance while relational capital as additional variable in MVAIC regression model has no significant effect with bank performance. This study provides better insights on the importance of utilisation of IC by banking institutions particularly for Islamic banks.

Purpose The purpose of this research is to introduce an innovative framework called the waqf cooperative housing framework (WCHF), with an objective to create a synergistic equilibrium between waqf and cooperative housing schemes. To tackle problems related to the dearth of financing, this research postulates an innovative waqf-based source of finance that involves generating revenue from common areas (waqf area) within the vicinity of the condominium. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected through interviews and the data were analysed using the NVIVO software. The interviewees comprised managers from property development sectors, public sector officials, university lecturers in Islamic finance, CEOs, top management officials from Islamic financial institutions, community leaders and shariah scholars. Findings A framework was proposed based on the result of the interviews. It was found that innovative models such as WCHF can resolve the issue of affordable housing in Karachi such as decreasing the financial burden on the public exchequer, bringing positive change to the lives of the poor, fulfilling the property developer’s corporate social responsibility, fulfilling the religious duty of the general public and condominium owners towards their fellow beings as well as creating new employment opportunities for people who are working in the financial sector (waqf management companies/trustees) and the construction sector. Research limitations/implications Even though this study has introduced an innovative and practical solution to the financing of affordable housing, it also encountered some limitations. First, it is conducted in Karachi city involving six group of respondents; thus, the findings cannot be generalised with other contexts. Similar research needs to be conducted in different contexts. Originality/value To date, this is among the first studies, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to investigate cooperative affordable housing with the help of innovative Islamic finance tools in the context of Pakistan. Furthermore, insufficient attention has been given to the enabling and hindering factors behind the acceptance of a framework that seeks to initiate a cooperative scheme based on an innovative waqf financing tool that generates revenue from common areas around a condominium.

Using the sample of 59 Islamic banks during the period of 2006-2017, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance mechanisms through the characteristics of board of directors that may influence the intellectual capital (IC) efficiency of Islamic banks. The characteristics of board of directors are represented through the size of the board (board size), the proportion of female members on the board (board female), the number of board meetings (board meeting), the proportion of board members who have financing and accounting expertise (board expertise) and the diversity in terms of board members' nationalities (board nationality diversity). Meanwhile, IC efficiency has been measured using value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC). This study provides empirical evidence showing that board expertise has positively associated with IC efficiency. This study also examines the linkage between corporate governance mechanisms and IC components namely HCE, SCE and CEE and found that board expertise exerts positive significant impact to HCE and SCE while no significant impact to CEE. Additionally, board female has significant positive relationship with SCE. The study is extremely pivotal in order to know the determinants that can contribute to the enhancement of IC efficiency in respect of corporate governance of Islamic banks.

The awakening of modern technologies in the era of this 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) has tremendously affected the whole landscape around the globe including the business sector. To be aligned with the technological advancements, management accountants have to keep proactive and prepare for any unexpected changes to ensure that their business remains lucrative and stays relevant in the industry. Nonetheless, the changing role of the management accountant due to the presence of 4IR is imminent. As a result, this paper deliberates on how the 4IR changes the role of management accountants, including what knowledge and skills are crucial for them to grasp in order to adapt adequately in this 4IR era. In addition, this paper also reviews the challenges that they have to face. The study can be of prime importance to business firms in identifying the role of the management accountant in this 4IR era and to prepare for the ubiquitous challenges that may perturb their efficacies.

This study empirically investigates the relationship between ownership structure, capital, and bank lending for Islamic and conventional banks during the financial crisis of 2008 to 2009. Using 118 banks from 19 countries over the global financial crisis, the study examines whether the relationship varied with the ownership structure and capital quality on bank lending behaviour. The authors found that governmentowned Islamic banks had a higher loan growth rate than conventional banks during the crisis. The increased lending of the government-owned banks was correlated with high-quality capital and more positive GDP and inflation over the duration of the crisis. The evidence supported the notion that the government-owned banks had a significantly positive effect on the lending growth in Islamic banks after the banks retained sufficient capital. High capital quality can help Islamic banks to survive during a financial crisis and to channel credit in the real market. This study contributes to the proof support that the Islamic banking system can be beneficial for financial and economic stability, especially during a financial crisis.