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Background: Some studies addressed the issue of omalizumab (OML) effectiveness in children starting their first oral immunotherapy (OIT) attempt but no study investigated the possible role of OML in the setting of patients with persisting milk allergy after a failed OIT attempt.

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Background We reported the case of a two-old-year boy with a painful acute hemorrhagic edema. This is a self-limited benign condition: usually, affected children are well appearing and this strongly support the diagnosis. In the opposite, in our case, we observed a painful presentation of the edema. Therefore, we demonstrated that rarely, this condition could have also a painful presentation. Conclusions This case report helps clinician to know that also acute hemorrhagic edema could have a painful presentation, so we must considered it in the differential diagnosis with sepsis, sickle cell crisis and child abuse. We believe that these findings will be of interest to pediatricians.

Spirometry is a very useful test in paediatric clinical practice. Nevertheless, to avoid making mistakes, it is important to keep in mind its role and what can be measured and how. “On which patients should spirometry be performed? What does the clinician want to rule out? Is the result reliable? What should be avoided?”. So, by answering these questions, it is possible to get the best out of this resource and interpret the results critically. For this purpose, this article is addressed to ‘non-experts’, it discusses the main points and provides practical ‘tricks’ through most common clinical cases.