The human being during his development receives great influence from the means in which he is inserted. With the family as the first and most important environment of the child, it is understood that the affective relationships presented in it, cause consequences in their psychological development. In this sense, this work aimed to raise in the current literature what are the main consequences in the child's psychological development resulting from marital conflicts. Several articles and books from 1978 to 2019 were considered, using as descriptors: marital conflicts, family relationships and child psychological development. It was found that the intensity of the impacts caused in children due to marital adversities will depend, mainly, on the way they are exposed to situations. This may trigger psychic symptoms such as anxiety, depression and aggressiveness, but also contribute positively in other aspects, such as the development of problem solving capacity. It is necessary to elaborate studies about the subject in order to increase the literature in the area, which is currently scarce and inconclusive. Thus, in the future, mental health professionals will have this content as an aid in the development of new psychotherapeutic techniques. It is also important to discuss such content within society so that the family environment is renewed and becomes more adaptive for members, generating reliability and security in problem solving.