In recent years, learning progressions (LPs) have captured the interest of educators and policy makers. There have been numerous efforts to develop LPs aligned to college and career readiness standards, to unpack these standards, and to provide more clarity on the pathways students follow to reach them. There is great variation, however, in the structure, content, and features of LPs, and these have implications for the LP’s most appropriate use. The purpose of this research was to devise a framework to understand and evaluate key features of an LP, including its structure, content, usability, and validity evidence. We maintain that educators and other stakeholders should understand these key features so they can evaluate whether an LP is appropriate for an intended use.

Telehealth has the potential to improve patient access to professional healthcare. In this paper we examine the publicly held perceptions of healthcare professionals on Twitter regarding telehealth platforms pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sentiment analysis and Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) were used to investigate whether there were changes in the perceptions and opinions of telehealth expressed on Twitter by healthcare professionals between the time period of January to April 2019 and January to May 2020, during the initial medical system response to COVID-19. Findings suggest that professionals' perceptions shifted from telehealth as innovation during COVID-19 to focus on the pervasive need for safe access and delivery to care. Overall, sentiment on telehealth was found to be positive, with advances made in payment for telehealth care delivery and the easing of some of the restrictions on telehealth practice in 2020, though concerns on access to care through telehealth platforms remain prevalent.

BACKGROUND Extracranial vertebral aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms are rare and result primarily from trauma. Large pseudoaneurysms can masquerade as mass lesions, making it challenging to identify the correct diagnosis. OBSERVATIONS This is a case report in which a large vertebral pseudoaneurysm posed as a schwannoma and biopsy was attempted. It was later identified as a vascular lesion and treated appropriately with no complications. LESSONS Vascular etiologies should always be included in the differential diagnosis of spine and nerve pathologies especially lesions that are in the vicinity of major vascular channels such as the transverse foramina of the cervical spine.

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