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This study evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal age relationships, after age 60, for three subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale: logical memory, associate learning, and visual reproduction. Cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that age, sex, race, and education accounted for approximately 20 to 35% of the variance in test scores, with education the strongest predictor. Longitudinally, consistent linear declines were found only for hard associates and visual reproduction. Visual reproduction was related more consistently and strongly to age than the two verbal subtests. The effects of selective attrition from the study were discussed.

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Alternate-form reliabilities were examined for the two subtests used in Russell's revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction. Participants were 25 females, aged 71-93 years. Reliabilities for immediate recall on both subtests were adequate (.74 and .71, respectively); those for delayed recall were less adequate (.67 and .60); and those for percentage-retained scores were unacceptable (.40 and .42). Recommendations for the development of an alternate form of Russell's revised WMS are made. In addition, immediate recall scores from the two subtests were compared with those reported for various age groups in other investigations. Although there were discrepancies among studies in the absolute level of scores, it was clear that lower mean scores could be expected from older groups.The Russell (1975) revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale (RWMS) offers several advantages over the original WMS. Based on the assumption that both memory and brain damage are multifaceted concepts, it provides separate measures of left and right hemisphere (semantic and flgural) memory and of immediate and delayed recall. In addition, the rating system devised by Russell is directly comparable with that used for the Average Impairment Rating and the component tests of the Halstead-Reitan Battery (Russell, Neuringer, & Goldstein, 1970), making it possible to compare the severity of memory deficits with the severity of other neuropsychological deficits.The RWMS consists of immediate and delayed recall scores for the Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests of Form 1 of the WMS. It would be useful in clinical settings if Russell ratings for an alternate form, derived from the original Form 2, were also available. However, the feasibility of developing an alternate form is not known, since little has been done to assess alternate-form reliability. Bloom

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