This study examined the relationship among the specific special educational needs (SEN) of emotional/behavioural disorder (EBD), specific learning disabled (SLD), mild-moderate mentally impaired (MMMI), and moderate-severe mentally impaired (MSMI) and the selected attributes of gender, academic preparation and previous experience in teaching students with SEN. The Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities-III (PEATID-III) (Rizzo, 1993) instrument was used to collect the data. The instrument was sent to all secondary school physical educators in the Republic of Ireland. Results from ANOVA analysis found that female physical educators displayed more positive attitudes than male physical educators toward SLD and MSMI students. For previous experience, a significant difference in physical educators’ attitudes was found for MMMI students only. Results also found low numbers of physical educators having completed initial teacher training (ITT) in SEN relevant to physical education (PE) at undergraduate as well as postgraduate levels. The results provide evidence that there is a need to promote positive attitudes among Irish physical educators toward teaching students with SEN as well as improved ITT and postgraduate training for SEN in PE.

BackgroundDespite known benefits of regular physical activity for health and well-being, many studies suggest that levels of physical activity in young people are low, and decline dramatically during adolescence. The purpose of the current research was to gather data on adolescent youth in order to inform the development of a targeted physical activity intervention.MethodsCross-sectional data on physical activity levels (using self report and accelerometry), psychological correlates of physical activity, anthropometic characteristics, and the fundamental movement skill proficiency of 256 youth (53% male, 12.40 ± 0.51 years) were collected. A subsample (n = 59) participated in focus group interviews to explore their perceptions of health and identify barriers and motivators to participation in physical activity.ResultsFindings indicate that the majority of youth (67%) were not accumulating the minimum 60 minutes of physical activity recommended daily for health, and that 99.5% did not achieve the fundamental movement skill proficiency expected for their age. Body mass index data showed that 25% of youth were classified as overweight or obese. Self-efficacy and physical activity attitude scores were significantly different (p < 0.05) between low, moderate and high active participants. Active and inactive youth reported differences in their perceived understanding of health and their barriers to physical activity participation, with active youth relating nutrition, exercise, energy and sports with the definition of ‘being healthy’, and inactive youth attributing primarily nutritional concepts to ‘being healthy’.ConclusionsData show a need for targeting low levels of physical activity in youth through addressing poor health related activity knowledge and low fundamental movement skill proficiency. The Y-PATH intervention was developed in accordance with the present study findings; details of the intervention format are presented.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a cooperating physical education (PE) teachers programme from a cooperating teacher’s perspective. Teaching practice is acknowledged as one of the most important areas of undergraduate teacher preparation. As part of a new undergraduate PE teacher education (PETE) programme, a cooperating PE teachers programme (COPET) was designed in an effort to maximize the learning opportunities for student teachers when on placement. The programme was piloted with a cohort of 26 cooperating teachers supervising 28 student teachers. Following a two-week teaching practice placement, three focus group interviews were held with 11 cooperating teachers to evaluate the effectiveness of the COPET programme. Findings indicate the cooperating teachers found the COPET programme very useful in defining their role on teaching practice. This paper presents the findings of the evaluation, and addresses some of the issues and challenges surrounding sustainability of the programme.

The prevalence of obesity appears greater in people with intellectual disabilities than those in the general population. This study aimed to examine the nutritional intake and anthropometric status of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Participants aged 16-64 years were recruited from intellectual disability service provider organizations ( n = 131). Data were collected using questionnaires; 4-day food dairies and weight, height and waist circumference measurements. Participants' mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.4 kg/m ± 6.1, 2.4% were underweight, 22.6% were normal weight, 28.2% were overweight and 46.8% were obese. Having a diagnosis of Down syndrome ( p = 0.03) was associated with increasing BMI. Increasing waist circumference was associated with increasing severity of ID ( p = 0.04). The mean-reported energy intake was 1890 kcal/day. Mean energy intakes from sugar, fat and saturated fat were above recommendations and few participants met micronutrient recommended daily amounts. This study highlights the alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity and poor diet quality of individuals with intellectual disabilities.