Group I and II ion binding to phospholipid membranes was evaluated by affinity chromatography utilizing a new stationary phase system based on lipid bilayers supported within large-pore particles composed of Stöber silica spheres. Using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for detection, robust determination of binding selectivity within group II ions is achieved with capillary columns containing nanomole quantities of lipid and using picomoles of metal analyte. Columns with a unique lipid formulation can be prepared within three hours using a solvent-casting assembly method. The observable thermotropic phase behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine has a significant effect on alkaline metal binding and demonstrates the dynamic nature of the supported bilayers. Of the group I ions, only lithium exhibits retention with neutral phosphatidylcholine bilayer stationary phases. A comparison of Stöber-based supports with two commercially available large-pore silicas reveals the effect that particle structure has on analyte accessibility to the bilayer surface as evaluated by retention per supported lipid mass.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and preeclampsia in women with pre-existing diabetes, gestational diabetes, and without diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton, non-anomalous, term pregnancies between 2007 and 2011 using linked vital statistics and discharge data. Chi-square tests were used to compare rates of preeclampsia in diabetic and non-diabetic women categorized by BMI class. Pre-pregnancy BMI was categorized into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/ m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), obesity (30-39.9 kg/m2), and morbid obesity (40 kg/m2). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of BMI with preeclampsia by diabetes classification, controlling for maternal race/ethnicity, age, parity, education, and insurance status. RESULTS: The cohort of 1,859,198 consisted of 364,392 (19.6%) obese pregnant women. Overall, a higher BMI class was associated with increased odds of preeclampsia, independent of diabetes status. Overweight BMI had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.67, obese BMI had an aOR of 2.46, and morbidly obese BMI had an aOR of 3.62 all when compared to normal weight women, regardless of diabetes status (Table 1). Underweight pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with decreased odds of preeclampsia (aOR 0.76) compared to normal weight women. When compared to women without diabetes, those with gestational and pre-existing diabetes have significantly increased odds of preeclampsia (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.77-1.86 and aOR 3.10 95% CI 2.96-3.25, respectively). A significant compounding association was demonstrated between BMI category and preeclampsia for women with pre-existing diabetes, gestational diabetes, and without diabetes (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: Diabetes status and higher BMI category were found to be individually associated with increased odds of preeclampsia. This study also demonstrated the compounding effect of diabetes and obesity on incidence of preeclampsia. Obstetrical education for women in these categories should emphasize the increased potential of this adverse outcome.

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OBJECTIVE:We sought to examine the association between race/ethnicity and gestational diabetes in women with and without depression. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton, non-anomalous, term pregnancies between 2007 and 2011 using linked vital statistics and ICD-9 data. Chi-square tests were used to compare rates of gestational diabetes in women with and without depression categorized by race/ethnicity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of gestational diabetes by race/ethnicity categorization, controlling for maternal age, BMI category, education, insurance status, parity, tobacco exposure, prenatal care, and mode of delivery. RESULTS: In a cohort of 2,196,781 women, we found a statistically significant relationship between the presence of maternal depression and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, regardless of maternal race/ethnicity (Figure 1). For example, the risk of gestational diabetes in Hispanic women rose from 7.3% in those without depression to 12.2% in those with depression (p<0.001). In White women, the risk of gestational diabetes increased from 5.0% in those without depression to 8.1% in those with depression (p<0.001). After controlling for potential confounders, there remains a statistically significant increase in the odds of gestational diabetes diagnosis in women with depression when compared to women without for women of White, Hispanic, or Asian descent (Table 1). CONCLUSION: Depression is associated with an increased incidence of developing gestational diabetes among women of white, Hispanic, and Asian racial/ethnic backgrounds. Practitioners should consider early screening and targeted prenatal education regarding this pregnancy complication for women in these categories. Further investigation is needed to determine if depression treatment early in pregnancy or prior to conception leads to decreased rates of gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and preeclampsia in women with pre-existing diabetes, gestational diabetes, and without diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton, non-anomalous, term pregnancies between 2007 and 2011 using linked vital statistics and discharge data. Chi-square tests were used to compare rates of preeclampsia in diabetic and non-diabetic women categorized by BMI class. Pre-pregnancy BMI was categorized into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/ m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), obesity (30-39.9 kg/m2), and morbid obesity (40 kg/m2). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of BMI with preeclampsia by diabetes classification, controlling for maternal race/ethnicity, age, parity, education, and insurance status. RESULTS: The cohort of 1,859,198 consisted of 364,392 (19.6%) obese pregnant women. Overall, a higher BMI class was associated with increased odds of preeclampsia, independent of diabetes status. Overweight BMI had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.67, obese BMI had an aOR of 2.46, and morbidly obese BMI had an aOR of 3.62 all when compared to normal weight women, regardless of diabetes status (Table 1). Underweight pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with decreased odds of preeclampsia (aOR 0.76) compared to normal weight women. When compared to women without diabetes, those with gestational and pre-existing diabetes have significantly increased odds of preeclampsia (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.77-1.86 and aOR 3.10 95% CI 2.96-3.25, respectively). A significant compounding association was demonstrated between BMI category and preeclampsia for women with pre-existing diabetes, gestational diabetes, and without diabetes (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: Diabetes status and higher BMI category were found to be individually associated with increased odds of preeclampsia. This study also demonstrated the compounding effect of diabetes and obesity on incidence of preeclampsia. Obstetrical education for women in these categories should emphasize the increased potential of this adverse outcome.