Wildlife-vehicle collisions are one of the main causes of mortality for wild mammals and birds in the UK. Here, using a dataset of 54,000+ records collated by a citizen science roadkill recording scheme between 2014–2019, we analyse and present temporal patterns of wildlife roadkill of the 19 most commonly reported taxa in the UK (84% of all reported roadkill). Most taxa (13 out of 19) showed significant and consistent seasonal variations in road mortality and fitted one of two seasonal patterns; bimodal or unimodal: only three species (red fox Vulpes vulpes, European polecat Mustela putorius and Reeves’ muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi) showed no significant seasonality. Species that increase movement in spring and autumn potentially have bimodal patterns in roadkill due to the increase in mate-searching and juvenile dispersal during these respective time periods (e.g. European badger Meles meles). Unimodal patterns likely represent increased mortality due to a single short pulse in activity associated with breeding (e.g. birds) or foraging (e.g. grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis in autumn). Importantly, these patterns also indicate periods of increased risk for drivers, potentially posing a greater threat to human welfare. In addition to behaviour-driven annual patterns, abiotic factors (temperature and rainfall) explained some variance in roadkill. Notably, high rainfall was associated with decreased observations of two bird taxa (gulls and Eurasian magpies Pica pica) and European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. By quantifying seasonal patterns in roadkill, we highlight a significant anthropogenic impact on wild species, which is important in relation to conservation, animal welfare, and human safety.

Vocal instability over time in individual male European Nightjars, Caprimulgus europaeus: recommendations for acoustic monitoring and surveys.Acoustic monitoring of birds is developing rapidly as equipment, methods and analyses improve. However, most population monitoring studies still utilise traditional techniques like mark-recapture or line transects. Rebbeck et al. (2001) used vocal recordings of male European nightjars, Caprimulgus europaeus, to identify individuals, finding that four acoustic parameters correctly assigned 98.5% of calls to individuals.We tested Rebbeck et al.'s methods on a population of European nightjars recorded over two successive breeding seasons and found that percentage of males correctly classified within a season reached a maximum of 73.5%, rising to 75% if full-length calls and 13 acoustic parameters were used. We tested whether males could be reidentified over a two-year period and found that only 20% of calls were assigned to the same putative territorial individuals, despite separate ringing data showing that males can maintain site fidelity for up to eight years. Our results indicate that the characteristics of male nightjar vocalisations may alter over time. We therefore recommend that vocal discrimination be used in conjunction with existing monitoring techniques when surveying for population monitoring, that as many call parameters as possible are used and that recording for automated presence/absence surveys takes place over a short time-frame.

1. Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause millions of vertebrate mortalities globally, threatening population viability and influencing wildlife behaviour and survival. Traffic volume and speed can influence wildlife mortality on roads, but roadkill risk is species specific and depends on ecological traits.2. The COVID-19 pandemic, and associated UK-wide lockdowns, offered a unique opportunity to investigate how reducing traffic volume alters WVC. These periods of reduced human mobility have been coined the 'anthropause'.3. We used the anthropause to identify which ecological traits may render species vulnerable to WVC. We did this by comparing the relative change in WVC of species with differing traits before and during the anthropause. 4. We used Generalised Additive Model predictions to assess which of the 19 species most frequently observed as WVC in the UK exhibited changes in road mortality during two lockdown periods, March-May 2020 and December 2020-March 2021, relative to the same time periods in previous years (2014-2019).Compositional data analysis was used to identify ecological traits associated with changes in the relative number of observations during lockdown periods compared to previous years. 5. WVC were, across all species, 80% lower during the anthropause than predicted.Compositional data analysis revealed proportionally fewer reports of nocturnal mammals, urban visitors, mammals with greater brain mass and birds with a longer flight initiation distance. Species that have several of these traits, and correspondingly significantly lower than predicted WVC during lockdowns, included badgers Meles meles, foxes Vulpes vulpes, and pheasants, Phasianus colchicus; we posit they stand to benefit most from reduced traffic, and, of the species studied here, have highest mortality under 'normal' traffic levels.6. This study identifies traits and species that may have experienced a temporary reprieve during the anthropause, and highlights the impacts of traffic-induced mortality on species numbers and ultimately on trait frequency in a roaddominated landscape. By taking advantage of reductions in traffic offered by the | 1245

521 Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) demonstrated an objective response rate (ORR) of 27% and median overall survival (OS) of 10.5 months (Mo) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients (pts) progressing after platinum-based chemotherapy and PD1/L1 inhibitor, which led to accelerated US FDA approval in this setting. The combination of SG and pembrolizumab is safe and active following platinum-based chemotherapy. Nivolumab (NIVO) 1mg/kg plus Ipilimumab (IPI) 3mg/kg has shown promising activity in post-platinum mUC pts. Given the potential synergism between immunogenic cell death induced by SG and IPI-NIVO, we hypothesized that the combination of SG and IPI-NIVO would be safe and active as a frontline treatment for cisplatin ineligible mUC. Methods: 3+ 3 design was used for the phase I dose escalation of SG at 8 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg dose levels. IPI and NIVO were given at 3mg/kg and1mg/kg (I3+N1) intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks x 4 cycles followed by NIVO 360 mg IV day 1 every 3 weeks. SG was given IV at days 1,8 every 3 weeks The primary endpoint was safety and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) based on dose limiting toxicity (DLTs) observed in cycle 1; key secondary endpoints include ORR, DOR, PFS and OS. Key inclusion criteria were ECOG-PS 0-1, cisplatin-ineligibility, treatment naïve, no prior PD1/L1 inhibitor except >3 months earlier for non-metastatic disease. Results: The study has completed the phase I dose escalation after enrolling a total of 9 patients (8 men, 1-woman, median age: 74 years). 6 patients were enrolled at SG 8 mg/kg with 1 DLT, and 3 patients at 10 mg/kg with 2 DLTs. DLTs included grade 3 skin rash (n=2) and grade 3 pneumonitis (n=1). The RP2D of SG was determined to be 8 mg/kg with I3+N1. The most common treatment related adverse events (TRAE) included anemia (66.6%) neutropenia (66.6%), pruritus (66.6%), fatigue (66.6%), diarrhea (66.6%) and lymphopenia (55.5%). 2 patients developed grade 2 infusion reactions to SG. Other grade ≥ 3 TRAE included neutropenia (55.5%), anemia (33.3%), arthralgia (11.1%), and elevated amylase/lipase (11.1%). Both grade 2 pneumonitis and myositis were seen in 1 patient. Of the 9 pts, 6 pts (4 pts at SG dose of 8mg/kg and 2 pts at 10 mg/kg) were considered evaluable for response of whom 4 responded (ORR 66.6%) with 1 complete response and 3 partial responses. Median DOR was 9.2 Mo (range 4.6-12.0); mPFS was 8.8 Mo (95% CI 3.8-NR) and mOS was not reached. Conclusions: The RP2D of SG was identified as 8mg/kg in combination with Ipilimumab 3 mg/kg+ Nivolumab 1 mg/kg as first-line therapy for cisplatin-ineligible mUC. Early signals of promising activity were observed in a small cohort of evaluable pts. The Phase 2 trial is ongoing coupled with exploratory biomarker analyses. Clinical trial information: NCT04863885 .

Individuals of a new species of trichostrongyloid nematode of the genus Vexillata were collected from the intestines of the coarse-haired pocket mouse Chaetodipus hispidus from eastern New Mexico. This new species possesses general features of the genus Vexillata but may be recognized as distinct from all other species by unique features of the dorsal ray of the caudal bursa and the synlophe.