No abstract

The GMPLS assumption that all available labels are equal is reasonable in electronic networks but not always true in WDM optical networks where labels correspond to physical wavelengths. In this paper we present two schemes for collecting the preference for specific labels during GMPLS signaling. For this purpose a new use of the Suggested Label object is proposed, and a novel object called Suggested Vector is introduced. The approach is validated through simulations showing significant wavelength converter usage reduction in a WDM optical network.

One of the key enablers of an increased Internet of Things (IoT) roll-out is Low-Power Wide Area Network (LP-WAN)-a family of technologies tailored for resilient and energy-efficient communication of thousands of devices over large distances (even up to 100km). Under the pressure from both the business and the society to provide ubiquitous connectivity as soon as possible, new IoT deployments are conducted with haste and often by inexperienced people. Consequently, the aspect of communication security traditionally remains a secondary matter, even though the potential harm of a successful hacker attack can be enormous. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of LP-WAN vulnerabilities, as well as several Proofof-Concept (PoC) attacks toward LoRaWAN (packet forging), Sigfox (replay with DoS) and NB-IoT (attack using malicious UE), that confirm the existence of the vulnerabilities in both the standards and off-the-shelf hardware and services.

Abstract-This paper reports on a novel ring-based data center architecture composed of multidimensional switching nodes. The nodes are interconnected with multicore fibers and can provide switching in three different physical, hierarchically overlaid dimensions (space, wavelength and time). The proposed architecture allows for scaling in different dimensions while at the same time providing support for connections with different granularity. The ring topology reduces the number of different physical links required, leading to simplified cabling and easier link management, while optical bypass holds the prospect of low latency and low power consumption. The performance of the multidimensional switching nodes has been investigated in an experimental demonstration comprising three network nodes connected with multicore fibers. Both high capacity wavelength connections and time-shared subwavelength connections have been established for connecting different nodes by switching in different physical dimensions. Error-free performance (BER<10 -9 ) has been achieved for all the connections with various granularity in all the investigated switching scenarios. The scalability of the system has been studied by increasing the transmission capacity to 1 Tbit/s/core equivalent to 7 Tbit/s total throughput in a single 7-core multicore fiber. The error-free performance (BER<10 -9 ) for all the connections confirms that the proposed architecture can meet the existing demands in data centers and accommodate the future traffic growth.Index Terms-Data center networks, optical switching, space division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing, time division multiplexing. This work was supported by the ECFP7 grant no. 619572, COSIGN and Innovations Fonden grant 0603-00514B, E-SPACE. We would like to thank OFS for fabricating and providing the spliced fan-in/fan-out multicore fiber and Polatis for providing the 48x48 beam-steering fiber switch.

Abstract-Time Sensitive Network (TSN) is an attractive solution for time-critical frame transmission in data link layer. Traffic scheduling and shaping in TSN aim to achieve bounded low latency and zero congestion loss. TSN provides traditional frame switching with reliable Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters, however, synchronization challenges, e.g. jitter, lost timing frames, clock inaccuracy, threaten the reliability of TSN network. Emerging Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) guarantees determinism for real-time applications, e.g. automotive and industrial control, while removing the dependence on synchronous communication. This paper focuses on performance evaluation of the recently proposed ATS amendment to the IEEE 802.1 standard, two approaches are discussed: Urgency-Based Scheduler (UBS) and Paternoster policing and scheduling. Models and simulations are carried out for evaluation and comparison. Statistics on the end-to-end delay, buffer usage and frame loss rate are collected to assess the scheduling performance. Results show that ATS achieves effective traffic shaping and switching without synchronous mechanisms, while there is an evident trade-off for using these specific algorithms.