No abstract

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide and the most common cancer among men in 112 countries including Canada. 1 In Canada, 1 in 9 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime, and 1 in 29 will die from it. 2 The province of Ontario has the second highest age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer of all Canadian provinces, reported at 121.8 cases per 100 000. 2 Ontario also has a sizable and diverse foreign-born population; 29% of the province's population are immigrants according to the 2016 Canadian Census, coming from more than 200 countries. 3 It is important to understand differences, if any, in prostate cancer risk among immigrants to ensure that we are best serving the health care needs of a very diverse population. However, very little is known about heterogeneity in prostate cancer risk among immigrants in the Ontario or Canadian context. Incidence of breast and colorectal cancers has previously been found to differ significantly for immigrants versus long-term residents of Ontario, and to vary by region of origin and time in Canada,4 and it is reasonable to consider the same may hold true for prostate cancer. Although prostate cancer is pervasive worldwide, incidence rates vary widely from country to country 1,5 and may similarly vary widely among Ontario's immigrant men.Prostate cancer incidence has also been associated with other demographic factors. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, such that 40% of all cases of prostate cancer