The survey aims at assessing current managing status of organizations involves in the conservation of local genetic diversity of rice, maize, sorghum and pearl millet in seedbanks located in northern Côte d'Ivoire. An investigation was conducted with 100 respondents in charge of cereal seedbanks managing from Ferkessedougou and Ouangolodougou areas. The results at regional scale revealed two co-existing informal and formal systems for seedbanks management in these areas. The farmers' seedbanks system or informal system was the main source of cereal seed supply for farmers and more important than the national or formal seedbank system. Only, farmers' seedbanks of two crops, rice and maize were found in visited localities. The management of these farmers' seedbanks was enabled by associations or cooperatives gathering more men (78.27%) than women (21.73%). Ninety percent (90%) of respondents were identified as saving 1 to 3 traditional varieties of cereal in these seedbanks managed by farmers in the studied region. The reveled difficulties in the farmers' seedbanks management appeared mainly as informally organized seed system that must be a complementary approach to formal system or national seed system for genetic diversity preservation of local cereal varieties and also as a distribution channel of improved cereal varieties.

Agromorphological diversity structure of the elite shea trees identified in village lands and conserved in situ in the districts of Bagoué and Tchologo by the shea breeding program of the University of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly (UPGC, Côte d'Ivoire), are not known. In the present study, we characterized the agromorphological parameters of 220 elite shea trees using a set of 12 quantitative traits. The results showed that elite shea trees population has been structured into three morphological clusters or genetic pools that do not overlap with the original geographic areas. Morphological Cluster I contain elite shea trees with small trunk diameters carrying large leaves and producing fewer fruits per tree. Morphological Cluster II consisted of elite shea trees with stronger trunks bearing small leaves and producing a high number of fruits per tree. Morphological Cluster III regrouped elite shea trees of medium trunk diameters carrying medium sized leaves; fruit production level is intermediate compare to preceding groups. The elite shea trees of morphological Clusters II, which are more interesting from an agronomic point of view, can be used as grafting trees for the production of high-yielding grafted plants for farmers in Côte d'Ivoire.

Les descripteurs qualitatifs ont été toujours négligés dans les études de caractérisation du cocotier surtout chez les écotypes de type Grand. Cet article se propose de mettre en évidence la contribution de six caractères morphologiques de type qualitatif dans la description et la typologie de 18 populations de cocotier Grand plantées dans la collection internationale de Côte d’Ivoire. Pour y arriver les stipes, les inflorescences, les fleurs femelles et les fruits ont été observés. Compte tenu à la fois de leurs fortes valeurs d’indice de diversité de Shannon normalisé (H’ variant entre 0,93 et 0,99) et faibles valeurs d’indice de diversité de Simpson (D variant entre 0,24 et 0,28), les caractères formes du fruit et de la noix débourrée ont été les plus discriminants. Les résultats de la classification des populations de cocotier Grand de la collection de Côte d’Ivoire utilisant les caractères qualitatifs sont en désaccord avec la structuration admise et fournie antérieurement à partir des marqueurs morphologiques quantitatifs et moléculaires microsatellites (SSRs). Bien que longtemps marginalisé dans l’étude de la diversité génétique des écotypes Grand de cocotier, l’apport des caractères qualitatifs dans l’identification de ces accessions de la collection de Côte d’Ivoire est discuté. Aussi, l’intérêt du recours aux descripteurs qualitatifs comme alternative aux marqueurs moléculaires pour le suivi de la pureté des accessions de cocotier au champ pendant les cycles de régénération est souligné.© 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. English abstract Qualitative morphological descriptors have always been neglected in coconut population’s characterization, especially in Tall coconut varieties. This paper proposes the contribution of six qualitative traits in the description and typology of 18 Tall coconut populations planted at the international field genebank of Côte d'Ivoire. Relatively to high values of standardized index of Shannon Weaver diversity H' (0.93 to 0.99) and low values of Simpson diversity index D (0.24 to 0.28), the two qualitative traits that are fruit and husked nut shapes were more discriminating. The results about clustering of the Tall coconut populations in Côte d'Ivoire genebank using all studied qualitative characters were in disagreement with the clustering assumed and provided before from quantitative traits and SSRs molecular markers. Although a long time marginalized in the genetic diversity studies, the contribution of the qualitative traits in the identification of Tall coconut populations in international field genebank of Côte d’Ivoire has been discussed. Also, the interest of recourse of the qualitative descriptors as alternative to the molecular markers for purity follow-up of the coconut accession during the cycles of field genebank regeneration is clearly underlined.

Daramcoum et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Diversité agro-morphologique précoce d'hybrides d'autofécondation F3 de cocotier impliquant l'écotype Nain Vert Sri Lanka (NVS) tolérant à la maladie du Jaunissement Mortel. 11052Journal of Applied Biosciences 112: 11045-11051 ISSN 1997-5902 Diversité agro-morphologique précoce d'hybrides d'autofécondation F3 de cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) impliquant l'écotype Nain Vert Sri Lanka (NVS) tolérant à la maladie du Jaunissement Mortel 11053ABSTRACT Early agro-morphological diversity assessment in self-pollination coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) hybrids F3 involving Sri Lanka Green Dwarf (SGD) ecotype tolerant to Lethal Yellowing (LY) disease of Ghana Objectives: To obtain morphological diversity precociously in self-pollination dwarf coconut cross generations created in Côte d'Ivoire, mature hybrid seeds and seedlings were studied. Indeed, in coconut palm where the period between planting and fruiting times varies from 3 years, the full morphological characterization at the field takes a long duration. Methodology and results: Twenty-one morphological traits measured on the mature hybrid seeds and seedlings from F3 CRD x SGD, F3 PILD05 x SGD and F2 MYD x MYD (control) hybrids were studied. The results revealed two morphological clusters as different genetic pools which one gathers self-pollination hybrids F3 implying the ecotype Sri-Lanka Green Dwarf (SGD) tolerant to the Lethal Yellowing (LY) disease and the other control cross F2 MYD x MYD sensitive to LY. Three types of morphological traits (types I, II and III) implied in the differentiation of the tolerant and sensitive hybrids relatively to LY disease were also identified. Conclusion and implementation of the results: For Côte d'Ivoire coconut breeding program, these two identified genetic pools and the quantitative traits that characterize them could be exploited in the research of the QTLs associated with LY disease tolerance in coconut palm.

RESUME Objectif : Dans le cadre de la gestion et de l'exploitation durable des ressources génétiques de karité le programme d'amélioration du karité de l'Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly (UPGC) de Korhogo en Côte d'Ivoire développe des technologies agroforestières prometteuses. Méthodologie et résultats : Ainsi, la technique de greffage du karité est diffusée pour améliorer la productivité des peuplements existants et fournir du matériel végétal haut producteur pour l'installation de véritables plantations de karité. Pour réaliser le greffage, les greffons sont prélevés sur des arbres élites de karité préalablement identifiés afin de les multiplier par greffage sur des porte-greffes en pépinière ou en milieu naturel. Sur l'ensemble des techniques de greffage disponibles dans le règne végétal, les techniques de « greffage en fente simple » et « greffage de côté dans l'aubier », plus accessibles au monde rural, sont décrites. Conclusion : En Côte d'Ivoire, lorsque ces deux techniques de greffes sont appliquées aux jeunes plants de karité en pépinière et au champ des taux de réussite élevés (jusqu'à 85%) sont enregistrés. Mots clés : Karité, greffage en fente simple, greffage de côté dans l'aubier, Côte d'Ivoire ABSTRACT Objective: For sustainable management and exploitation of Shea tree genetic resources, the Shea research program of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University (UPGC) of Korhogo in Côte d'Ivoire develops an innovate agroforestry technology through grafting methods. Methodology and results: This Shea grafting technique aimed to improve the productivity of existing agroforestry parks and to provide improved plant material for Shea tree plantations. To achieve the grafting, the grafts are collected on elite Shea trees previously identified and then multiplied them by grafting on rootstock in nursery or natural habitat. From plant grafting methods "simple slot grafting" and "lateral in sapwood grafting" techniques, more accessible to the farmers, are described.