Background: Lymph nodes are spread throughout the body and are routinely checked for abnormalities. These lymph nodes have the potential to become infected or malignant. The swelling of lymph nodes and the nodes which are abnormal in terms of size and/or number is commonly known as lymphadenopathy. One of the most common causes of lymphadenopathy observed is reactive lymphadenitis followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis. For diagnosis of lymph node biopsies, excisional biopsy and histopathological analysis are considered as the ‘gold standard’. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and a cross-sectional study of all the patients with lymph node biopsies seen in Bhaktivedanta Hospital and Research Institute from January 2018 till March 2022. Histopathology reports of lymph node biopsies of patients required at Bhaktivedanta Hospital and Research Institute were included in the study. Results: The most common diagnosis is of tuberculous lymphadenitis which accounted for 251 (53.2%) of the total 469 cases. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was most commonly observed in females (68.92%) as compared to males (31.07%). Cancer cases which accounted for 83 (17.70%) cases formed the second most common diagnosis in which females (53.01%) accounted for most cases as compared to males (46.99%). Conclusions: Enlarged lymph nodes should undergo fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), truecut biopsy and/or excisional biopsy for correct diagnosis. The diagnostic spectrum ranges from benign reactive to TB and also malignancies.

Abstract:The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a commonly used method of contraception for women. However, there is a rare but serious risk of migration into the myometrium and then into the peritoneal cavity. IUCD migration into bowel, bladder, omentum, abdominal wall has been reported. We report here, a rare case of an IUCD migrating through the uterus into the peritoneal cavity and subsequently invading into the sigmoid colon.

Fibro epithelial stromal polyps which are benign mesenchymal lesions that typically occur in skin, oral cavity, urinary tract and genital area pose diagnostic problems because of bizarre cytomorphology. Genital presentation has a greater predilection for the vulvovaginal region and rarely the cervix. Cases of fibro epithelial polyp in vulva have been rarely reported and usually they do not grow larger than 5 cm in diameter and are found incidentally during routine gynecologic exams. Diagnosis mainly based on histopathology has to be done to rule out malignancy and also to differentiate from other lesions like angiomyxoma which mimics fibro epithelial polyps. The case report presented is a rarest of its kind as regards to its size because the polyp in this patient measured 35x23x11 cm and weighing 10 kg which becomes the largest polyp reported ever.

Meckel's diverticulum is one of differential diagnoses of pain abdomen in children. It can be cause of intestinal obstruction in children due to its complications. We present one such complication, which is rare by occurrence, volvulus of Meckel'sdiverticulum causing intestinal obstruction and its management by assisted laparoscopy.

Background: The most common complication observed in patients with diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot infection; it is the bone or soft tissue infection below the malleoli. The most common pathogens involved in this infection are Staphylococcus species and beta haemolytic streptococci. Severe, chronic, or formerly dealt with infections are usually polymicrobial. Hence, the aim of the study was to understand the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogens causing diabetic foot infections.Methods: Post approval from Institutional Ethics Committee, a retrospective study was carried out based on review of records of 117 patients with diabetic foot infections over two-year period from 2018 through 2019. All demographical and microbiological data was analysed.Results: Out of 117 patients of diabetic foot infections, 71 (60.68%), patients showed bacterial growth. Amongst 71 patients 45% of patients had gram positive infection. 52% patients had gram negative infection. 3% patients had poly-microbial growth. Most common organism isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 28%, Morgaellamorgagni 11%, Proteus mirabilis 9%, Citrobacter koseri 8%, E. coli 8%. Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) was 3% each. Staphylococcus aureus had sensitivity to Rifampicin, Cefoperazone, Tigecycline.Conclusions: Diabetic foot infections are common complication worldwide. Understanding the microbiology will help to deal better in management and prognosis of patients. Hence, it is mandatory to characterize the causative agents, and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to ensure successful outcome of diabetic foot infections.