Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of TMJD and distribution of associated symptoms with respect to gender and age among the patients visiting Dental Clinic of a Rural Health Centre (RHC). Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Dental Clinic of Rural Health Centre (RHC) Nasirabad, District Kambar Shadadkot, Sindh, Pakistan. Period: December 2018 to May 2019. Material & Method: The study sample comprises of total 132 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fonseca’s questionnaire and Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index are employed to assess the subjective response and severity of TMJD symptoms respectively vis-a-vis age and gender of patients. Data collected from patients is entered in SPSS ® version 16.0 for statistical analysis. Results: The results are arranged and statistically evaluated. Overall 43% answered positive to questions with respect to symptoms. Majority of patients reported positive for neck pain or stiff neck (15%) and muscular fatigue while chewing (15%). 50 % of patients suffering from TMJD symptoms belong to Age Group 1 (15 – 35 years). 94.3 % female patients suffer from some degree of TMJD. Based on Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index of severity, 65.9% of patients have Mild TMJD symptoms, 18.9% with Moderate severity and 1.5% with severe symptoms of TMJD. Conclusion: This study concludes that TMJD are more common in females with age group of 15 – 35 years of age. The most prevalent symptom is muscular pain / tiredness of jaws during chewing and stiffness of neck. In this study sample, majority of patients suffer from Mild TMJD symptoms.

Aims: To ascertain the prevalence of dental caries using DMFT scores, to characterize the oral health status and associated factors of patients attending the Nasirabad Rural Health Center Dental Clinic, and to develop tools and strategies for collecting data for rural oral hygiene statistics. The district collects baseline data to aid in the improvement of dental health initiatives in rural Sindh. Design: From August 2018 to May 2019, convenience sample research was undertaken. Patients aged 15 or older met the requirements. Adult Oral Health Assessment Form (WHO) was used to gather data on oral health examinations. The Nasirabad Rural Health Centre's Dental Unit used a basic mouth mirror and an explorer to interview and clinically examine all subjects. The tools are sterile. On proformas collected biographic and DMFT data. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to enter and analyses data. The sample comprised both genders and ages. In this study, dentists calculated the mean DMFT score. Items from an adult oral health questionnaire were modified and categorized as Demographics and Clinical evaluation. Demographic data included the patient's age and gender. The dentition was examined for healthy, decaying, missing, and filled teeth (Ft). Results: Microsoft Excel was used to organize and analyses the data. Males made up 41% of the population, while females made up 59%. Caries prevalence was 96 percent overall, with 204(22%) having a low caries status, 250(26%) having a moderate caries status, and 451(48%) having a high caries status. The mean DMFT score was 11.1424017, the standard deviation was 8.0937, and the Significant Caries Index (SiC) was 20.99363057 based on the DMFT value and the number of participants. Conclusion: The research population had poor oral hygiene and dentition. The mean DMFT Score was 11.1424017 and the frequency of dental caries was 96%, with a female bias. Pakistan is a poor nation with little dental health resources and awareness. Providing public oral health education and motivation, water fluoridation, and adopting newer research-based treatments of remineralization of dental caries must be prioritized. It is a major job for the health profession and the government. This issue is critical for dental health and requires immediate care. Keywords: Dental Caries, DMFT Index, Oral Health, Prevalence, Rural Areas

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of Antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate and calcium hydroxide on inter appointmentpain in cases of Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Methodology:It was a single blind randomized controlled trial study performed in operative Dentistry Department ofLiaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. This study was conducted from 02-Jan-2017 to 27-June-2017. Total n=324 patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis were targeted. Patients were randomly allocated into twogroups. Total n=162 patients in group1 treated with Antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate and n=162 patients in group 2 ofcalcium hydroxide. Procedure was performed by single operator. Clinical effect was assessed if pain present or absent after24 hours and 7 days on recalled visit and was labeled as positive when there was no pain (0-3 on VAS) and as negativewhen there was pain (4-10 on VAS). Data of the study was analyzed by using the SPSS version 20. Mean and standarddeviation was calculated for quantitative variables like age and pre and postoperative pain. Frequency and percentageswere calculated for type of tooth. Both groups were compared byusing Chi- square test for clinical effect. Results:The average age of the patients was 39.807.36 years. There were 50% male and 50% female. Clinical effectivenesswas significantly high in group 1 than group 2 [79.01% vs. 65.43% p=0.006]. Conclusion:The findings of this study are encouraging that patients in which Amoxicillin-clavulanate was used as intracanalmedicament appeared to show a greater decrease in pain levels over the observation period when compared to the control group

No abstract