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Background: Cyclin D1, a member of the cyclin protein family is instrumental in the cell cycle due to its influence on the progression from G1 to the S phase. Its overexpression causes reduced doubling time and is also associated with clonogenic growth. Aim of the study: The purpose of the present study was to assess cyclin D1 expression in patients with endometrial lesions. Methods: Prospective study in the department of pathology at A.C.S Medical College and Hospital on 210 patients with cyclin D1 marker was done. Results: Majority of the cases were endometrial hyperplasia without atypia constituting 21.4%, followed by Disordered proliferative endometrium occupying 20.4% , Secretory endometrium 17.7%, Atypical endometrial  hyperplasia and Proliferative endometrium constituted 16.6% each, Endometrial carcinomas 7.1%. Among 15 cases of endometrial carcinomas, majority of carcinomas were of endometrioid type 66% (10/15) followed by adenosqamous 13.3% (2/15), serous papillary type of carcinomas 20% (3/15). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 expression is significantly higher in patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. The extent of cyclin D1 expression is strongly correlated with nuclear and histological grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node invasion in patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this disorder, placental morphology and cellular arrangement are altered so that oxygen delivery from mother to foetus is greatly disturbed, which ultimately results in cellular oxidative stress. Morphological and histological changes are both indicative of the pathogenesis of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in women with preeclampsia. Aim: To study the gross and histomorphometric features of placenta in patients with preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. Total 120 placentas of preeclampsia patients (60) and normal controls (60) were studied, which were received at Pathology Department of the institute. Immediately after delivery, gross parameters were recorded. For histomorphometrical study, full-depth tissue samples of placenta were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for 24-48 hours, and then they were processed by graded concentrations of alcohol and embedded in paraffin to make blocks. The 5 μm thick sections were cut and slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the sections were studied. Values were calculated by mean±SD using Students unpaired t-test and chi-square test, p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean maternal age of the study participants was 23.93±4.40 years in preeclampsia group and 23.85±3.44 years in control group. The gestational age was 36.42±2.69 weeks in preeclampsia group and 38.20±2.11 weeks in control group, the difference was statistically significant. Other parameters such as neonatal weight, placental weight, placental thickness and placental diameter had statistically significant difference between both the groups. Morphological findings of placental terminal villi showed that the mean surface area was larger (2500.05±245 µm2) in preeclampsia group compared to control group (1878.01±214.53 µm2) and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The gross reduction of the preeclampsia placenta like decreased placental weight and diameter disturbs the normal placentation and pathologically these results in histological and morphometric changes in the placenta. Due to oxidative stress in preeclampsia placental morphology is altered.

Background: Analysis of synovial uid has been recommended as a routine procedure to assist in the diagnosis of arthritis. Arthritis can be either a monoarticular or polyarticular lesion leading to morbidity, affecting all ages . Aim of the study: To study synovial uid analysis in the diagnosis of joint diseases in a teaching hospital. Materials and methods: Prospective study was done on synovial uid samples over a period of two years at the Department of Pathology. ACS medical college ,Chennai for duration of 6 months ie, from February 2021 to August 2021. Results: Majority of the cases were osteoarthritis constituting 33.3 % .Rheumatoid arthritis constituted 20%..Chronic nonspecic synovitis were noted in 30% cases .01 case of Traumatic arthritis and 02 cases of Tubercular arthritis were noted. Conclusion: Synovial uid analysis will give us an idea about the differential diagnosis of joint diseases. Synovial uid aspiration should be done for the analysis and also used as a treatment procedure of synovial inammation.

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