Introduction: Gall bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the biliary tree and one of the highly malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Although its incidence is low in west, it is common in our part of the world. There are very few studies regarding gall bladder cancer in Nepal. The incidence of gallstones in patients with gall bladder cancer is high. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinicopathological aspect of the disease in patients with gallbladder cancer and to Asses the incidence of gallstones in patients with gall bladder cancer.Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in GI Surgery unit of National Academy of Medical Science, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. All patients diagnosed as gallbladder carcinomas during 12 years period from 2002 to 2014 were included in this study. Their clinical characteristics, laboratory data, tumor histopathology reports were obtained and analyzed using SPSS17.Results: Total of 47 patients who met inclusion criteria were included in the study. Male to Female ratio was 1:1.8. Age ranged from 32 to 72 years with mean age of 54. Most common presenting symptom was Pain abdomen (93.6%) followed by weight loss (51.1%) and Jaundice (46.8%). Most common finding on examination was Icterus (42.6%) followed by palpable gall bladder (34%) and Hepatomegaly (29.8%). Gall Stones were seen in 37 (72.3%) patients. Most common histopathology was Adenocarcinoma (93.6%).Conclusion: Most of the patient with gall bladder cancer remained asymptomatic until late. Pain abdomen was most common presenting symptom and icterus was most common findings. There was strong association between gall bladder cancer and gallstones. There should be high index of suspicion if patient with gallstones has constant pain in right hypochondrium and has jaundice.

Nearly all governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions due to Covid-19 pandemic which are affecting up to 60% of the world’s student. Around, near to 200 countries closed their schools are interrupting the education of more than 1.5 billion young people and impact in long-term social and economic consequences. The aim of the meta-analysis is to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of online education during Covid-19 situation in Nepal by performing a systematic Meta analysis of related published literature. The Meta analysis was done diverse subjects and diverse research design was eligible among the 11 full-text articles. A formal extraction protocol was the PRISMA-P. Main finding of analysis is to offer an opportunity to shift to online learning and interaction and use virtual platforms for e-conference, webinars, podcasts, online class/ online-lectures etc. Opportunities for being continuations of academic career from any part of country; increase learning outcome among job holders. The changes in education technique, modality and process, which may required extra effort initially, provides teacher, faculty and facilitator the forcedly to keep pace with current trends in technology. This study recognized challenges as unequal access and quality of internet conveniences; affordability of laptops/computers; limited interaction; and frequent disturbances.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare tumors, constituting less than 3% of all gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms but are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 10% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are extraintestinal and mostly arise from the mesentery or omentum. Here we report a rare case of an extraintestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor of mesentery. Morphological and immunohistochemical features led to a diagnosis of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i8.11610 Journal of Pathology of Nepal; Vol.4,No. 8 (2014) 682-684

Introduction: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is the new public health crisis rapidly threatening the world. A deeper understanding of these devastating lifetime experiences helps to develop a more complete picture of how holistic health may have been affected in survivors from pandemic. The objective of the study was to explore the lived experiences of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative research design was adopted following purposive sampling traced from the hospital record of Koshi Covid Hospital of Biratnagar, Province 1 Nepal. Based on principles of data saturation, ten covid survivors were interviewed following the interview guide. The obtained data were transcribed in reference to notes and tape recordings, and themes were generated. The data collection and analysis were carried out simultaneously, using thematic analysis phases of Gibson manually. Results: The study findings emerged five themes: key stakeholders in COVID-19 pandemic, mystery of COVID-19, social stigma and discrimination, mass media influence, and safety measures. Most (8/10) of the participants reported COVID-19 as mysterious disease with unknown cause and few (2/10) reported peculiar symptoms (something stuck in throat, presence of abscess in chest, etc). Seven of them faced stigmatizing responses from health care workers and most of them reported inadequate health counseling at health care institutions. Conclusions: COVID-19 survivors were scared of infecting their family and neighbors and of death related to infection. Interventions for breaking the chain of transmission were carried out, however, healthcare workers’ approach of care was inadequate along with stigma and discrimination. Adequate counseling is vital to address physical and psychological issues among survivors.