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This research reports the synthesis of new benzimidazole-derived N -acylhydrazones (NAH), their characterization using various spectroscopic methods, and in vitro evaluation as potent carbonic anhydrase-II inhibitors. Among the target compounds ( 9–29 ), few showed higher inhibition than the standard acetazolamide (IC 50 : 18.6 ± 0.43 μM), for example, compound 9 (IC 50 : 13.3 ± 1.25 μM), 10 (IC 50 : 17.2 ± 1.24 μM), 12 (IC 50 : 14.6 ± 0.62 μM), and 15 (IC 50 : 14.5 ± 1.05 μM). Molecular docking was performed on the most active compounds, which revealed their binding interactions with the active site of the enzyme, thus supporting the experimental findings.

A series of new heterocycles (4–18) was synthesized by the structural modification of benzimidazole‐2‐thiol (BT, 2‐MBI). The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed with the help of high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and 1HNMR spectroscopy. High inhibitions of the oxidants such as ABTS and DPPH were observed for compounds 9 [IC50(s) = 167.4 μM (ABTS), 139.5 μM (DPPH)], 10 [IC50(s) = 186.5 μM (ABTS), 155.4 μM (DPPH)], 11 [IC50(s) = 286.1 μM (ABTS), 189.1 μM (DPPH)], 12 [IC50(s) = 310.8 μM (ABTS), 162.2 μM (DPPH)], 14 [IC50(s) = 281.3 μM (ABTS), 205.7 μM (DPPH)], 15 [IC50(s) = 284.1 μM (ABTS), 177.3 μM (DPPH)], and 16 [IC50(s) = 344.7 μM (ABTS), 270.2 μM (DPPH)] as compared with Ascorbic acid [IC50(s) = 340.9 μM (ABTS), 164.3 μM (DPPH)]. The anti‐Alzheimer's activity was performed in vitro against cholinesterase enzymes (AChE, BChE). Compound 11 was able to show significant inhibitions [IC50(s) = 121.2 μM (AChE), 38.3 μM (BChE)] as against that of galantamine [IC50(s) = 139.4 μM (AChE), 40.3 μM (BChE)]. Compound 14 was found as a very good inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 35.4 μM) as compared with standard galantamine. Molecular docking was further performed to investigate the mechanism of anticholinesterase activity.

A novel series of multifunctional benzimidazoles has been reported as potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase. The procedure relies on the synthesis of 5-amino-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol 5 via the multistep reaction through 2-nitroaniline 1, benzene-1,2-diamine 2, 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol 3, and 5-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol 4. Further treatment of 5 with aromatic aldehydes 6a−m provided access to the target 5-(arylideneamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiols 7a−m.The results of the bioactivity assessment revealed all the compounds as excellent inhibitors of the enzyme (IC 50 range: 0.64 ± 0.05 μM to 343.10 ± 1.62 μM) than acarbose (873.34 ± 1.21). Among them, 7i was the most active inhibitor (IC 50 : 0.64 ± 0.05 μM) followed by 7d